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PHP里8个鲜为人知的安全函数分析,php鲜为人知函数
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PHP里8个鲜为人知的安全函数分析,php鲜为人知函数

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:19 AM
php function Safety

PHP里8个鲜为人知的安全函数分析,php鲜为人知函数

本文实例讲述了PHP里8个鲜为人知的安全函数。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:

安全是编程非常重要的一个方面。在任何一种编程语言中,都提供了许多的函数或者模块来确保程序的安全性。在现代网站应用中,经常要获取来自世界各地用户的输入,但是,我们都知道“永远不能相信那些用户输入的数据”。所以在各种的Web开发语言中,都会提供保证用户输入数据安全的函数。这里我们就来看看,在著名的开源语言PHP中有哪些有用的安全函数。

在PHP中,有些很有用的函数开源非常方便的防止你的网站遭受各种攻击,例如SQL注入攻击,XSS(Cross Site Scripting:跨站脚本)攻击等。一起看看PHP中常用的、可以确保项目安全的函数。注意,这并不是完整的列表,是我觉得对于你的i项目很有的一些函数。

1. mysql_real_escape_string()

这个函数在PHP中防止SQL注入攻击时非常有用。这个函数会对一些例如单引号、双引号、反斜杠等特殊字符添加一个反斜杠以确保在查询这些数据之前,用户提供的输入是干净的。但要注意,你是在连接数据库的前提下使用这个函数。
但是现在已经不推荐使用mysql_real_escape_string()了,所有新的应用应该使用像PDO一样的函数库执行数据库操作,也就是说,我们可以使用现成的语句防止SQL注入攻击。

2. addslashes()

这个函数的原理跟mysql_real_escape_string()相似。但是当在php.ini文件中,“magic_quotes_gpc“的值是“on”的时候,就不要使用这个函数。magic_quotes_gpc 的默认值是on,对所有的 GET、POST 和 COOKIE 数据自动运行 addslashes()。不要对已经被 magic_quotes_gpc 转义过的字符串使用 addslashes(),因为这样会导致双层转义。你可以使用get_magic_quotes_gpc()函数来确定它是否开启。

3. htmlentities()

这个函数对于过滤用户输入的数据非常有用。它会将一些特殊字符转换为HTML实体。例如,用户输入就被转为实体>.

4. htmlspecialchars()

在HTML中,一些特定字符有特殊的含义,如果要保持字符原来的含义,就应该转换为HTML实体。这个函数会返回转换后的字符串,例如'&' (ampersand) 转为'&'

ps:此处原文有误,在此非常感谢瑾瑜  提出。现已更正,另外附上此函数常见的转换字符:

The translations performed are:
 '&' (ampersand) becomes '&'
 '”' (double quote) becomes '"' when ENT_NOQUOTES is not set.
 “'” (single quote) becomes ''' (or ') only when ENT_QUOTES is set.
 '  '>' (greater than) becomes '>'

5. strip_tags()

这个函数可以去除字符串中所有的HTML,JavaScript和PHP标签,当然你也可以通过设置该函数的第二个参数,让一些特定的标签出现。

6. md5()

从安全的角度来说,一些开发者在数据库中存储简单的密码的行为并不值得推荐。md5()函数可以产生给定字符串的32个字符的md5散列,而且这个过程不可逆,即你不能从md5()的结果得到原始字符串。
现在这个函数并不被认为是安全的,因为开源的数据库可以反向检查一个散列值的明文。你可以在这里找到一个MD5散列数据库列表

7. sha1()

这个函数与md5()类似,但是它使用了不同的算法来产生40个字符的SHA-1散列(md5产生的是32个字符的散列)。也不要把绝对安全寄托在这个函数上,否则会有意想不到的结果。

8. intval()

先别笑,我知道这个函数和安全没什么关系。intval()函数是将变量转成整数类型,你可以用这个函数让你的PHP代码更安全,特别是当你在解析id,年龄这样的数据时。

此处附上英文原文地址:http://www.pixelstech.net/article/1300722997-Useful-functions-to-provide-secure-PHP-application

希望本文所述对大家的PHP程序设计有所帮助。

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