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快速找出php中可能导致cpu飙升问题的代码行
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快速找出php中可能导致cpu飙升问题的代码行

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:20 AM
cpu php code lead to fast find out

快速找出php中可能导致cpu飙升问题的代码行

  用cpu接近100%时,你如何找到导致cpu飙升的原因?我的思路是,首先找到进程正在执行的代码行,从而确定可能有问题的代码段。然后,再仔细分析有问题的代码段,从而找出原因。

  如果你的程序使用的是c、c++编写,那么你可以很容易的找到正在执行的代码行。但是,程序是php编写的,如何找到可能有问题的代码行呢?这个问题就是本文要解决的问题。

  背景知识:

  大家都知道php是一个解释性语言。用户编写的php代码会生成opcode,由解释器引擎去解释执行。在解释执行过程中,有一个全局变量包含了执行过 程中用到的各种数据。它就是executor_globals。在源码的Zend/zend_globals.h 文件中可以找到他的类型定义。

代码如下  

struct _zend_executor_globals {
zval **return_value_ptr_ptr;

zval uninitialized_zval;
zval *uninitialized_zval_ptr;

zval error_zval;
zval *error_zval_ptr;

zend_ptr_stack arg_types_stack;

/* symbol table cache */
HashTable *symtable_cache[SYMTABLE_CACHE_SIZE];
HashTable **symtable_cache_limit;
HashTable **symtable_cache_ptr;

zend_op **opline_ptr;

HashTable *active_symbol_table;
HashTable symbol_table; /* main symbol table */

HashTable included_files; /* files already included */

JMP_BUF *bailout;

int error_reporting;
int orig_error_reporting;
int exit_status;

zend_op_array *active_op_array;

HashTable *function_table; /* function symbol table */
HashTable *class_table; /* class table */
HashTable *zend_constants; /* constants table */

zend_class_entry *scope;
zend_class_entry *called_scope; /* Scope of the calling class */

zval *This;

long precision;

int ticks_count;

zend_bool in_execution;
HashTable *in_autoload;
zend_function *autoload_func;
zend_bool full_tables_cleanup;

/* for extended information support */
zend_bool no_extensions;

#ifdef ZEND_WIN32
zend_bool timed_out;
OSVERSIONINFOEX windows_version_info;
#endif

HashTable regular_list;
HashTable persistent_list;

zend_vm_stack argument_stack;

int user_error_handler_error_reporting;
zval *user_error_handler;
zval *user_exception_handler;
zend_stack user_error_handlers_error_reporting;
zend_ptr_stack user_error_handlers;
zend_ptr_stack user_exception_handlers;

zend_error_handling_t error_handling;
zend_class_entry *exception_class;

/* timeout support */
int timeout_seconds;

int lambda_count;

HashTable *ini_directives;
HashTable *modified_ini_directives;

zend_objects_store objects_store;
zval *exception, *prev_exception;
zend_op *opline_before_exception;
zend_op exception_op[3];

struct _zend_execute_data *current_execute_data;

struct _zend_module_entry *current_module;

zend_property_info std_property_info;

zend_bool active;

void *saved_fpu_cw;

void *reserved[ZEND_MAX_RESERVED_RESOURCES];
};

  这里我们只说两个对我们比较重要的变量,active_op_array 和 current_execute_data。

  active_op_array变量中保存了引擎正在执行的op_array(想了解什么是op_array请点击查看)。在Zend/zend_compile.h中有关于op_array的数据类型的定义。

代码如下  

struct _zend_op_array {
/* Common elements */
zend_uchar type;
char *function_name;
zend_class_entry *scope;
zend_uint fn_flags;
union _zend_function *prototype;
zend_uint num_args;
zend_uint required_num_args;
zend_arg_info *arg_info;
zend_bool pass_rest_by_reference;
unsigned char return_reference;
/* END of common elements */

zend_bool done_pass_two;

zend_uint *refcount;

zend_op *opcodes;
zend_uint last, size;

zend_compiled_variable *vars;
int last_var, size_var;

zend_uint T;

zend_brk_cont_element *brk_cont_array;
int last_brk_cont;
int current_brk_cont;

zend_try_catch_element *try_catch_array;
int last_try_catch;

/* static variables support */
HashTable *static_variables;

zend_op *start_op;
int backpatch_count;

zend_uint this_var;

char *filename;
zend_uint line_start;
zend_uint line_end;
char *doc_comment;
zend_uint doc_comment_len;
zend_uint early_binding; /* the linked list of delayed declarations */

void *reserved[ZEND_MAX_RESERVED_RESOURCES];
};

  看完定义,就不用我多说了把。定义中,filename和 function_name分别保存了正在执行的文件名和方法名。

  current_execute_data保存了正在执行的op_array的execute_data。execute_data保存了每个op_array执行过程中的一些数据。其定义在,Zend/zend_compile.h:

代码如下  
struct _zend_execute_data {
struct _zend_op *opline;
zend_function_state function_state;
zend_function *fbc; /* Function Being Called */
zend_class_entry *called_scope;
zend_op_array *op_array;
zval *object;
union _temp_variable *Ts;
zval ***CVs;
HashTable *symbol_table;
struct _zend_execute_data *prev_execute_data;
zval *old_error_reporting;
zend_bool nested;
zval **original_return_value;
zend_class_entry *current_scope;
zend_class_entry *current_called_scope;
zval *current_this;
zval *current_object;
struct _zend_op *call_opline;
};

  定义中的opline就是正在执行的opcode。opcode的结构定义如下:

代码如下  
struct _zend_op {
opcode_handler_t handler;
znode result;
znode op1;
znode op2;
ulong extended_value;
uint lineno;
zend_uchar opcode;
};

  其中lineno就是opcode所对应的行号。

  示例说明:

  看完上面的数据结构定义,你是否已经知道如何找php正在执行的文件名,方法名和行号呢?如果还有疑问的话,那就接着看下面的例子。创建一个文件test.php,代码如下:

代码如下  
function test1(){
while(true){
sleep(1);
}
}
test1();
?>

  cli方式执行php脚本,加入执行的进程号为14973。我们使用gdb命令来调试进程。

代码如下  
$sudo gdb -p 14973
(gdb) print (char *)executor_globals.active_op_array->filename
$1 = 0x9853a34 "/home/xinhailong/test/php/test.php"
(gdb) print (char *)executor_globals.active_op_array->function_name
$2 = 0x9854db8 "test1"
(gdb) print executor_globals->current_execute_data->opline->lineno
$3 = 4

  很显然,他正在执行第四行的sleep方法。

  如果上面的方法你感觉麻烦,那你可以使用.gdbinit文件。这个文件在php源码的根目录下。使用方法如下:

代码如下  
$sudo gdb -p 14973
(gdb) source /home/xinhailong/.gdbinit
(gdb) zbacktrace
[0xa453f34] sleep(1) /home/xinhailong/test/php/test.php:4
[0xa453ed0] test1() /home/xinhailong/test/php/test.php:7
(gdb)

  题外话:

  从php5.6开始,php中集成了一个phpdbg的工具。可以像gdb调试c语言程序一样,调试php程序。感兴趣的话,可以打开下面的连接看看

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