PHP基本语法总结,php基本语法
PHP基本语法总结,php基本语法
一、PHP能做什么?
PHP能做什么?我觉得它很强大,只要我能想到的,它都能做,只是我技术能力还不行╮(╯﹏╰)╭。好吧,一张图,基本了解一下吧(ps:PHP的功能不局限于此( ^_^ ))
图像有点模糊,凑合一下,(≧▽≦)/
二、PHP语言标记
1、结束和开始标记
1.1 :属于xml风格,是PHP的标准风格,推荐使用。
1.2 :长风格标记,不常用。若你的奇葩编辑器不支持其他php标记,就用它吧
1.3 :简短风格,遵循SGML处理。需要在php.ini中将指令short_open_tag打开,或者在php编译时加入–enable-short-tags.如果你想你的程序移植性好,就抛弃这种风格,它就比1.1少了个php。
2、位置
怎么说呢?反正可以将PHP语言放在后缀名为.php的HTML文件的任何地方。注意了,是以.php结尾的HTML文件。
复制代码 代码如下:
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8: >
9:
10: 11: if($exp){
12: ?>
13:
14:
条件为true该做的
15: 16: }else{
17: ?>
18:
条件为FALSE该做的
19: 20: }
21: ?>
22:
23:
3、注释
3.1 单行注释:// 或者 # 多行注释:/* 说明*/
3.2 多行注释不能嵌套,但是其中可以包含单行注释;单行注释也可以包含多行注释。就想这样子
复制代码 代码如下:
1:
2: //echo "test";/*单行中包含多行注释符*/
3: /*echo 'test'; //多行注释符中包含单行注释符*/
4: ?>
三、变量
1、变量的使用
复制代码 代码如下:
1:
2: $a = 1; //声明一个变量a
3: $b = "php"; //声明一个变量b
4: $8d = 2; //非法变量名,只能以字母或者下划线开头且不包含空格
5:
6: $i站点is = "php"; //合法变量名,可以使用中文
7: /*
8: *以下三个函数调用方式等效
9: *关键字和内置函数及用户自定义的类名,函数名不区分大小写
10: */
11: phpinfo();
12: PhpInfo();
13: PHPINFO();
14:
15:
16: /*
17: *以下三个变量不一样
18: *变量名是区分大小写滴
19: */
20: $name = "php1";
21: $Name = "php2";
22: $NAME = "php3";
23:
24: //可变变量:变量名可以动态的设置
25: $hi = "hello";
26: $$hi = "world";
27: //以下均输出hello world
28: echo "$hi $hello";
29: echo "$hi ${$hi}";
30:
31: //变量赋值
32: $foo = "B" //传值赋值
33: $bar = &$foo //引用赋值
34: $bar = "LZ";
35: echo "$foo"; //输出LZ
36: $cde = $foo; //传值赋值
37: $cde = "E";
38: echo "$foo"; //输出LZ
39: ?>
2、变量的类型
四、常量
1、定义和使用
复制代码 代码如下:
1:
2: /*
3: *boolean define(string name,mixed value[,bool case_insensitive)
4: *name:常量名;value:常量值;第三个是个可选的布尔值,默认是FALSE(不区分大小写)
5: */
6: define("FLO",1000);
7: echo FLO; //输出1000
8:
9: //使用define函数检验FLO常量是否存在,存在则输出常量值
10: if(define("FLO"))
11: {
12: echo FLO;
13: }
14: ?>
2、常量和变量
2.1 常量的作用域是全局的,可以再脚本的任何地方声明和访问常量。
2.2 常量前面没有$,且不能通过赋值语句定义常量。
2.3 常量一旦被定义,不能被重新定义或取消定义,直到脚本运行结束自动释放。
2.4 常量的值只能是标量(boolean,integer,float,string中的一种类型)
3、系统的预定义常量
4、常用的魔术常量
双引号是用于输出字符串的。例如:echo "数据插入失败,错误信息:
";
而"INSERT INTO testtable VALUES('".$xm."',".$nl.")"; 中INSERT INTO testtable VALUES是字符串,意思是向数据库中插入,两个""是一组,将.$xm.分开,(.$xm.)中$xm是一个变量,php中显示一个变量时用echo。
《PHP和MySQL Web开发》这本”php圣经“,比较起来,《零基础学PHP》比较符合初学者,看这本书很容易感受到作者是用心写的。
这本书其实是《零基础学编程》系列其中的一本,其他的都很不错。
内容的设计很好。有一段前言,写的非常中肯,是程序员老鸟给菜鸟的忠告,摘录在此:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
学习编程需要注意的几点:
1.不要死记语法﹕很多初学者试图把各种语法背下来﹐其实这是极其错误的﹐程序开发的语法﹑规范特别多﹐ 不可能都记得下来﹐你只要知道有这么一个功能就可以了﹐需要的时候翻阅书籍﹐或者查找帮助文件﹐这样省时省力。
2.多手﹐多练习﹕只知道死啃书本的人﹐是不会成为开发高手的﹐只有多上机编写程序﹐才能在实践中提高对编程的认识。
3.遇到问题﹐首先尝试自己解决﹕自己先用一在的时间﹐尽力去解决﹐实在不行再去找人帮助﹐千万不要遇到问题立刻找人帮忙﹐ 这样永远提高不了多少。
4.多用Google,Baidu:网络是一个大知识库﹐是最好的老师﹐你遇到的问题﹐别人也遇到过﹐多去搜索一下吧。
4.多阅读别人的源代码﹕要看懂别人的设计思想﹐不断融为已用。
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
本书的缺点是代码前面没有行标,而在对代码的解释中大量使用“在xxx行,”,一个较大的失误。
总结:在知识点方面,《零基础学PHP》可能是不全的,但是,我们需要的不是一本字典,我们需要的一本循循善诱的书,学得有兴趣,不是吗?

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