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PHP面向对象程序设计之接口用法,php面向对象程序设计
对于php与其他面向对象编程的接口问题,解答
php面向对象为何要用接口、抽象类,他们又各自扮演什角色?详细一点介绍下吧 啦
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PHP面向对象程序设计之接口用法,php面向对象程序设计

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:26 AM
php abstract class interface object-oriented

PHP面向对象程序设计之接口用法,php面向对象程序设计

接口是PHP面向对象程序设计中非常重要的一个概念。本文以实例形式较为详细的讲述了PHP接口的用法。具体如下:

接口:interface

在PHP中,我们可以规定,一个对象应该具有哪些公共的外部操作,即可使用interface来规定。
公共的方法就是接口。用于规定一个对象应该用于哪些公共的操作方法(接口),这个也叫接口(公共操作方法的集合)
即:接口(interface结构,公共方法集合)

公共方法(接口方法)
定义:用于限定某个对象所必须拥有的公共操作方法的一种结构,称之为接口(interface)
语法:定义接口结构,使用interface关键字。接口内定义的都是一些公共方法。

interface接口名
{
公共操作方法列表
}
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例子如下:

interface I_Goods
{
public function sayName();
public function sayPrice();
}
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注意:
1.接口方法,访问权限必须是公共的 public
2.接口内只能有公共方法,不能存在成员变量
3.接口内只能含有未被实现的方法,也叫抽象方法,但是不用abstract关键字。

类实现接口,利用关键字implements完成。

例子:

interface I_Goods
{
public function sayName();
public function sayPrice();
}
class Goods implements I_Goods
{
public function sayName()
{
}
public function sayPrice()
{
}
}
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这样,实现该接口的类,必须实现接口内所有的抽象方法。而且可以肯定,该方法一定是公共的外部操作方法。

多实现:该功能,在理论上可以通过抽象类来实现,但是抽象类,不专业。
使用接口则专业些,实现上,因为php支持多实现,而仅支持单继承

例子如下:

interface I_Goods
{
public function sayName();
public function sayPrice();
}
interface I_Shop
{
public function saySafe();
}
class Goods implements I_Goods , I_Shop
{
public function sayName()
{
}
public function sayPrice()
{
}
public function saySafe()
{
}
}

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接口之间也可以继承
例子如下:

interface I_Goods
{
public function sayName();
public function sayPrice();
}
interface I_Shop extends I_Goods
{
public function saySafe();
}
class Goods implements I_Shop
{
public function sayName()
{
}
public function sayPrice()
{
}
public function saySafe()
{
}
}
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php对象接口的支持,可以定义类常量

例子如下:

interface I_Goods
{
const PAI = 3.14;
public function sayName();
public function sayPrice();
}
interface I_Shop extends I_Goods
{
public function saySafe();
}
class Goods implements I_Shop
{
public function sayName()
{
}
public function sayPrice()
{
}
public function saySafe()
{
}
}
echo Goods::PAI;
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运行输出:3.14

对于php与其他面向对象编程的接口问题,解答

PHP接口不是和其他编程语言配合用de,而是为以后的开发制定一个模板,大家按照这个模板去做就行了。
比如关于数据库的操作。接口就可以这样写,设定insert,update,select,delete这四个方法,数据库无非就是增删改查四个操作。
其他的程序员只要实现(inplements)这个接口,按照这四个方法的思路去写程序就行了,写好了就实现了数据库这个接口。

这样对于软件总设计师来说,只要给出软件要做几件事(接口),下面的程序员按照这几件事做好就行。接口是不是对于多人开发的体系中,很有优势?

至于常见API接口,其实说简单一点,就是方法函数类啦,别人写好的方法,我们只要去调用即可。
 

php面向对象为何要用接口、抽象类,他们又各自扮演什角色?详细一点介绍下吧 啦

抽象类:
就是用来继承的,本身无法实例化,是用来定规范的,子类必须把父类的抽象方法全部实现
接口:
可以理解为更严格的抽象类
一是像抽象类一样,可以定规范,因为接口有个特点,实现接口就必须把里面的方法全部实现,这样项目经理就可以在接口里面定一个规范,要实现哪些函数
二是php是单继承,一个类只能有一个父类,为了解决这个问题就出现了接口,一个类可以实现多个接口
 

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