PHP命名空间(namespace)的使用基础及示例,命名空间namespace
PHP命名空间(namespace)的使用基础及示例,命名空间namespace
PHP的命名空间(namespace)是PHP 5.3中加入最重要的一个新特性,这个概念在C#中已经很早就有了,php中的namespace其实和c#的概念是一样的。
一. PHP的命名空间主要解决三种冲突的问题:常量,函数,类
通俗理解:namespace就相当于是用来建一个目录,将namespace下面的代码放在该目录里面,与外面的区分开来。
/* |--------------------------------- |namespace示例 |@黑眼诗人 <www.chenwei.ws> |--------------------------------- */ namespace myself; function var_dump() { echo 100; } var_dump(); //调用自定义函数(相对路径方式) \myself\var_dump(); //调用自定义函数(绝对路径方式) \var_dump(100); //调用全局的(系统的函数)
注意:namespace 之前不能有任何代码,除了declare();多个文件可以使用同一个命名空间,但同一命名空间下定义的内容是不能冲突的。namespace支持子命名空间,如:namespace \myself\good,相当于多级目录的概念。
二. 同一文件中存在多个命名空间的情况
1.
/** * 同一文件中若使用了多个命名空间,一般写法 */ namespace nihao\shijie; function demo() { //....... } namespace hello\world; function test() { //........ } \nihao\shijie\demo(); \hello\world\test();
2.
/** * 同一文件中若使用了多个命名空间,建议大括号扩起来 */ namespace nihao\shijie{ function test_one() { //...... }; } namespace hello\world{ function test_two() { //........ } } \nihao\shijie\test_one(); \hello\world\test_two();
同一文件内使用多个命名空间,主要用于项目将多个PHP脚本合并在同一文件中,实际中不提倡使用!
三. 名称解析规则(几个概念)
1.非限定名称:名称中不包含命名空间分割符,如:myself
2.限定名称:名称中含有命名空间分割符,如:nihao\shijie
3.完全限定名称:名称中包含分割符,并以命名空间分割符开始,如:\nihao\shijie (即绝对路径的概念)
1. namespace Zend\Http\PhpEnvironment;
这句代码定义了一个命名空间,你可以理解为定义一个名称为 Zend\Http\PhpEnvironment 的域名。
在定义了之后,下面所申明的class, interface, const等都是在申明的这个“域”里面的。当引用一个申明了命名空间的包含文件,想要调用这个里面的东西,那就必须:
调整当前脚本也到这个域名里,否则,就得用namesapce的全称。
比如,inc.php 文件:
namespace Zend\Http\PhpEnvironment;
class Bar {}//定义了一个类
则其他文件调用时:
// 访问Foo的第一种方法,用全称
require 'inc.php';
$foo = new \Zend\Http\PhpEnvironment\Bar();
// 访问Foo的第二种方法
namespace Foo; // 调整当前脚本到Foo这个ns域,而且namespace申明必须在第一句
require 'inc.php';
$foo = new Bar();
2. use关键字目的是使用ns的别名:
比如说,上面的
// 访问Foo的第一种方法,用全称
require 'inc.php';
$foo = new \Zend\Http\PhpEnvironment\Bar();
用uses后,写法如下:
use \Zend\Http\PhpEnvironment as pe; //定义别名
$foo = new \pe\Bar(); //用短的别名来代替原来的
如果省略后面的as ....,那么,就可以直接用最后一节的文字来代替,比如,上面的:
use \Zend\Http\PhpEnvironment; //定义别名
$foo = new \PhpEnvironment\Bar(); //用短的别名来代替原来的
================================================
php官方手册中的相关内容:
在PHP中,namespace命名空间用来解决在编写类库或应用程序时创建可重用的代码如类或函数时碰到的两类问题:
1. 用户编写的代码与PHP内部的类/函数/常量或第三方类/函数/常量之间的名字冲突。
2. 为很长的标识符名称(通常是为了缓解第一类问题而定义的)创建一个别名(或简短)的名称,提高源代码的可读性。
PHP 命名空间提供了一种将相关的类、函数和常量组合到一起的途径。
PHP 命名空间支持有两种使用别名或导入方式:为类名称使用别名,或为命名空间名称使用别名, 别名通过操作符 use 来实现。...余下全文>>
语法上没有任何问题。
你的PHP版本是多少?PHP在5.3.0版本以后开始支持命名空间。你的PHP版本可能比较低。

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