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PHP获取客户端真实IP地址的5种情况分析和实现代码,5种情况分析
PHP怎获取客户端真实IP
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PHP获取客户端真实IP地址的5种情况分析和实现代码,5种情况分析

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:29 AM
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PHP获取客户端真实IP地址的5种情况分析和实现代码,5种情况分析

在PHP获取客户端IP中常使用 $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"] 。
(1) 但如果客户端是使用代理服务器来访问,那取到的是代理服务器的 IP 地址,而不是真正的客户端 IP 地址。要想透过代理服务器取得客户端的真实 IP 地址,就要使用 $_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"] 来读取。
(2) 但只有客户端使用“透明代理”的情况下,$_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"] 的值才是客户端真正的IP(如果是多层代理,该值可能是由客户端真正IP和多个代理服务器的IP组成,由逗号“,”分隔)。
(3) 而在“匿名代理”、“欺骗性代理”的情况下是代理服务器的IP值(如果是多层代理,该值可能由多个代理服务器的IP组成,由逗号“,”分隔)。
(4) 在“高匿名代理”的情况下是空值。

关于HTTP头信息中的REMOTE_ADDR、HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR值,分析如下,假设客户端真实IP是221.5.252.160:

 一、没有使用代理服务器的PHP获取客户端IP情况:

复制代码 代码如下:

REMOTE_ADDR = 221.5.252.160
HTTP_VIA=没数值或者不显示
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = 没数值或不显示

二、使用透明代理服务器的情况:Transparent Proxies

复制代码 代码如下:

REMOTE_ADDR = 最后一个代理服务器 IP
HTTP_VIA=代理服务器IP
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = 客户端真实 IP (经过多个代理服务器时,这个值类似:221.5.252.160, 203.98.182.163, 203.129.72.215)

 这类代理服务器还是将客户端真实的IP发送给了访问对象,无法达到隐藏真实身份的目的。

三、使用普通匿名代理服务器的PHP获取客户端IP情况:Anonymous Proxies

复制代码 代码如下:


REMOTE_ADDR = 最后一个代理服务器 IP
HTTP_VIA=代理服务器IP
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = 代理服务器 IP (经过多个代理服务器时,这个值类似:203.98.182.163, 203.98.182.163, 203.129.72.215)

 这种情况下隐藏了客户端的真实IP,但是向访问对象透露了客户端是使用代理服务器访问它们的。

四、使用欺骗性代理服务器的情况:Distorting Proxies

复制代码 代码如下:

REMOTE_ADDR = 代理服务器 IP
HTTP_VIA=代理服务器IP
 HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = 随机的 IP(经过多个代理服务器时,这个值类似:220.4.251.159, 203.98.182.163, 203.129.72.215)

这种情况下同样透露了客户端是使用了代理服务器,但编造了一个虚假的随机IP(220.4.251.159)代替客户端的真实IP来欺骗它。

五、使用高匿名代理服务器的PHP获取客户端IP情况:High Anonymity Proxies (Elite proxies)

复制代码 代码如下:

REMOTE_ADDR = 代理服务器 IP

HTTP_VIA=没数值或者不显示
 HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = 没数值或不显示。

无论是REMOTE_ADDR还是HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR,这些头消息未必能够取得到,因为不同的浏览器不同的网络设备可能发送不同的IP 头消息。因此PHP使用$_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"] 、$_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"] 获取的值可能是空值也可能是“unknown”值。

PHP获取客户端IP时另外一点需注意,使用函数getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')或getenv('REMOTE_ADDR') 也可以如上代码一样取得同样的效果。但getenv()不支持在IIS的isapi方式下运行的PHP。

REMOTE_ADDR 是你的客户端跟你的服务器“握手”时候的IP。如果使用了“匿名代理”,REMOTE_ADDR将显示代理服务器的IP。

HTTP_CLIENT_IP 是代理服务器发送的HTTP头。如果是“超级匿名代理”,则返回none值。同样,REMOTE_ADDR也会被替换为这个代理服务器的IP。

$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; //访问端(有可能是用户,有可能是代理的)IP

$_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];  //代理端的(有可能存在,可伪造)

$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']; //用户是在哪个IP使用的代理(有可能存在,也可以伪造)

根据以上几种情况写出的PHP代码:

复制代码 代码如下:


function getip() { 
 $unknown = ‘unknown'; 
 if ( isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) && $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] && strcasecmp($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], $unknown) ) { 
  $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']; 
 }
 elseif ( isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) && $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] && strcasecmp($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $unknown) ) { 
  $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; 
 }
}
?>

PHP怎获取客户端真实IP

如果将这个函数应用到限IP访问的网页中,别人即使通过限IP访问段中的代理服务器,也不能访问该页面。
下面提供一个函数:// 定义一个函数getIP()
function getIP(){global $ip;
if (getenv("HTTP_CLIENT_IP"))
$ip = getenv("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
else if(getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"))
$ip = getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
else if(getenv("REMOTE_ADDR"))
$ip = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR");else$ip = "Unknow";
return $ip;}
// 使用方法:
echo getIP();?>
getenv("REMOTE_ADDR")用来取得客户端的 IP 地址,但如果客户端是使用代理服务器来访问,那取到的就是代理服务器的 IP 地址,而不是真正的客户端 IP 地址。要想透过代理服务器取得客户端的真实 IP 地址,就要使用 getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR") 来读取。
但是如果客户端没有通过代理服务器来访问,那么用getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR") 取到的值将是空的。
else if(getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"))
$ip = getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
表示如果getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR") 取到的值存在不为空(即客户端使用代理服务器的情况下),则变量$ip等于getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR") 取到的真实IP值。
如果上面的else if(getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"))取得的值为空(即没有使用代理服务器),则不会执行下面的$ip = getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");这一行语句。
这种情况下已经确认客户端没有使用代理服务器,从而通过
else if(getenv("REMOTE_ADDR"))
 

PHP怎获取客户端真实IP

.X.XXX.XXX系列IP,而这个函数获取的是局域网网关出口的IP地址,如果访问者使用代理服务器,将不获取代理服务器的IP,而是获取访问者网关的真实IP。如果将这个函数应用到限IP访问的网页中,别人即使通过限IP访问段中的代理服务器,也不能访问该页面。下面提供一个函数:getenv("REMOTE_ADDR")用来取得客户端的 IP 地址,但如果客户端是使用代理服务器来访问,那取到的就是代理服务器的 IP 地址,而不是真正的客户端 IP 地址。要想透过代理服务器取得客户端的真实 IP 地址,就要使用 getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR") 来读取。但是如果客户端没有通过代理服务器来访问,那么用getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR") 取到的值将是空的。else if(getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"))$ip = getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");表示如果getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR") 取到的值存在不为空(即客户端使用代理服务器的情况下),则变量$ip等于getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR") 取到的真实IP值。如果上面的else if(getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"))取得的值为空(即没有使用代理服务器),则不会执行下面的$ip = getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");这一行语句。这种情况下已经确认客户端没有使用代理服务器,从而通过else if(getenv("REMOTE_ADDR"))这两行语句获得客户端的IP地址也是真实的IP地址。
 

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