php生成N个不重复的随机数实例
有25幅作品拿去投票,一次投票需要选16幅,单个作品一次投票只能选择一次。前面有个程序员捅了漏子,忘了把投票入库,有200个用户产生的投票序列为空。那么你会如何填补这个漏子?
当然向上级反映情况。但是我们这里讨论的是技术,就是需要生成1-25之间的16个不重复的随机数,去填补。具体怎么设计函数呢?将随机数存入数组,再在数组中去除重复的值,即可生成一定数量的不重复随机数。
程序如下:
复制代码 代码如下:
/*
* array unique_rand( int $min, int $max, int $num )
* 生成一定数量的不重复随机数
* $min 和 $max: 指定随机数的范围
* $num: 指定生成数量
*/
function unique_rand($min, $max, $num) {
$count = 0;
$return = array();
while ($count $return[] = mt_rand($min, $max);
$return = array_flip(array_flip($return));
$count = count($return);
}
shuffle($return);
return $return;
}
$arr = unique_rand(1, 25, 16);
sort($arr);
$result = '';
for($i=0; $i {
$result .= $arr[$i].',';
}
$result = substr($result, 0, -1);
echo $result;
?>
程序运行如下:
复制代码 代码如下:
2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,16,20,21,22,24
补充几点说明:
生成随机数时用了 mt_rand() 函数。这个函数生成随机数的平均速度要比 rand() 快四倍。
去除数组中的重复值时用了“翻翻法”,就是用 array_flip() 把数组的 key 和 value 交换两次。这种做法比用 array_unique() 快得多。
返回数组前,先使用 shuffle() 为数组赋予新的键名,保证键名是 0-n 连续的数字。如果不进行此步骤,可能在删除重复值时造成键名不连续,给遍历带来麻烦。

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