php中的extract函数应用
extract函数用来将一个数字分解成多个变量直接使用,下面是W3C的解释:PHP extract() 函数从数组中把变量导入到当前的符号表中。对于数组中的每个元素,键名用于变量名,键值用于变量值。第二个参数 type 用于指定当某个变量已经存在,而数组中又有同名元素时,extract() 函数如何对待这样的冲突。本函数返回成功设置的变量数目。
下面表格是参数说明:
语法
extract(array,extract_rules,prefix)
参数 描述
array 必需。规定要使用的输入。
extract_rules
可选。extract() 函数将检查每个键名是否为合法的变量名,同时也检查和符号表中的变量名是否冲突。
对非法、数字和冲突的键名的处理将根据此参数决定。可以是以下值之一:
可能的值:
EXTR_OVERWRITE - 默认。如果有冲突,则覆盖已有的变量。
EXTR_SKIP - 如果有冲突,不覆盖已有的变量。(忽略数组中同名的元素)
EXTR_PREFIX_SAME - 如果有冲突,在变量名前加上前缀 prefix。自 PHP 4.0.5 起,这也包括了对数字索引的处理。
EXTR_PREFIX_ALL - 给所有变量名加上前缀 prefix(第三个参数)。
EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID - 仅在非法或数字变量名前加上前缀 prefix。本标记是 PHP 4.0.5 新加的。
EXTR_IF_EXISTS - 仅在当前符号表中已有同名变量时,覆盖它们的值。其它的都不处理。可以用在已经定义了一组合法的变量,然后要从一个数组例如 $_REQUEST 中提取值覆盖这些变量的场合。本标记是 PHP 4.2.0 新加的。
EXTR_PREFIX_IF_EXISTS - 仅在当前符号表中已有同名变量时,建立附加了前缀的变量名,其它的都不处理。本标记是 PHP 4.2.0 新加的。
EXTR_REFS - 将变量作为引用提取。这有力地表明了导入的变量仍然引用了 var_array 参数的值。可以单独使用这个标志或者在 extract_type 中用 OR 与其它任何标志结合使用。本标记是 PHP 4.3.0 新加的。
prefix
可选。请注意 prefix 仅在 extract_type 的值是 EXTR_PREFIX_SAME,EXTR_PREFIX_ALL,EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID 或 EXTR_PREFIX_IF_EXISTS 时需要。如果附加了前缀后的结果不是合法的变量名,将不会导入到符号表中。
前缀和数组键名之间会自动加上一个下划线。
这个在从数据库中取得一行数据的时候很好用,我们来看下面的例子
复制代码
$db = mysql_connect('localhost','root','Ctrip07185419') or die('can not connect to mysql');
mysql_select_db('moviesite',$db) or die(mysql_error($db));
mysql_query('set names gbk',$db);
if(isset($_GET['action']) && $_GET['action'] == 'edit')
{
$query = 'SELECT movie_name,movie_type,movie_year,movie_leadactor,movie_director FROM movie WHERE movie_id='.$_GET['id'];
//echo $query;
$result = mysql_query($query , $db) or die(mysql_error($db));
extract(mysql_fetch_assoc($result));
}
else
{
$movie_name='';
$movie_type=0;
$movie_year=date('Y');
$movie_leadactor=0;
$movie_director=0;
}
?>
复制代码
注意标红的语句,在使用extract之后可以直接使用变量,并且变量的名字是字段名字,变量的值是字段的值,这个有点类似于ado.net中从DataReader或DataSet中取得数据的方法Movie.Name = DataSet.Table[o].Row[i]["Name "].ToString() Movie.Name=reader["Name "].ToString();

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