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PHP在函数体中传递与接收参数

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:39 AM
php Parameter passing

在PHP的函数中,参数传递可以分为值传递和引用传递(也称为地址传递)两种。

默认情况下,PHP是按值传递参数的。值传递参数调用函数时将常量或变量的值(通常称其为实参)传递给函数的参数(通常称为形参)。值传递的特点是实参与行参分别存储在内存中,是两个不相关的独立变量。因此,在函数内部改变形参的值时,实参的值一般是不会改变的。

 引用传递(按地址传递)的特点是实参与行参共享一块内存。因此,当形参的值改变的时候,实参的值也会相应的做出改变。从这种角度上说,可以认为形参合实参是同一个变量。

 定义引用传递参数时,可以在参数前面加上引用符号&。

<?php
function printString(&$string){
	echo($string);
	$string="打印完成";
}

$str="测试字符!n";
printString($str);
echo($str);
?>

// 程序输出:测试字符! 打印完成
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php还支持可变长度的参数列表。在定义函数时,不指定参数。在调用函数时,可以根据需要指定参数的数量,通过与参数相关的几个系统函数获取参数信息。具体说明为:

<?php
	function mysum()
	{
		$num = func_num_args();
		echo("函数包含:".$num."个参数n");
		$sum = 0;
		
		for($i=0; $i < $num; $i++)
		{
			$sum = $sum + func_get_arg($i);
		}
		echo("参数累加纸盒为:".$sum);
	}
	
	mysum(1,2,3,4);
?>

// 程序输出:函数包含:4个参数 参数累加纸盒为:10
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func_num_args函数功能:返回传递到函数的参数数目,其语法如下 : int func_num_args (void )。说明 : 返回传递到目前定义函数的参数数目。如果是从函数定义的外面来呼叫此函数,则func_get_arg( )将会产生警告。

func_num_args( )可以用来结合func_get_arg( )和func_get_args( )来允许使用者定义的函式接受variable-length参数列表。其中,func_get_arg( )从参数列表返回项目,其语法:int func_get_arg (int arg_num),传回定义函数的参数列表的第arg_num个参数,其参数从0开始。且函数定义的外面来呼叫此函数会产生警告;并且当arg_num大于函数实际传递的参数数目时亦会产生警告并返回FALSE。

func_get_args()函数和func_get_arg()函数的区别在于,func_get_args()函数传回一数组,数组的各个元素相当于是目前使用者定义函式的参数列的数目。

在我们构建PHP类的时候,灵活使用这三个函数,可以起到非常理想的效果,例如外面在创建PHP和MYSQL链接的类时,可以书写如下代码:

<?php
class mydb {
	private $user;
	private $pass;
	private $host;
	private $db;
	
	public function __construct(){
		$num_args=func_num_args();
		if($num_args>0){
			$args=func_get_args();
			$this->host=$args[0];
			$this->user=$args[1];
			$this->pass=$args[2];
			$this->connect();
		}
	}
}
?>
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再给出一个示例程序:

<?php
function foo() {
	$numargs = func_num_args();
	echo "Number of arguments: $numargs<br>n";
	if ($numargs >= 2) {
		echo "Second argument is: " . func_get_arg (1) . "<br>n";
	}
	$arg_list = func_get_args();
	for ($i = 0; $i < $numargs; $i++) {
		echo "Argument $i is: " . $arg_list[$i] . "<br>n";
	}
}
foo (1, 2, 3);
?>
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