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排序算法之PHP版快速排序、冒泡排序

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:39 AM
php Bubble Sort Quick sort Sorting Algorithm

一、快速排序
 
1.简介
快速排序是由东尼·霍尔所发展的一种排序算法。在平均状况下,排序 n 个项目要Ο(n log n)次比较。在最坏状况下则需要Ο(n2)次比较,但这种状况并不常见。事实上,快速排序通常明显比其他Ο(n log n) 算法更快,因为它的内部循环(inner loop)可以在大部分的架构上很有效率地被实现出来。
快速排序使用分治法(Divide and conquer)策略来把一个串行(list)分为两个子串行(sub-lists)。
2.步骤
从数列中挑出一个元素,称为 “基准”(pivot),
重新排序数列,所有元素比基准值小的摆放在基准前面,所有元素比基准值大的摆在基准的后面(相同的数可以到任一边)。在这个分区退出之后,该基准就处于数列的中间位置。这个称为分区(partition)操作。
递归地(recursive)把小于基准值元素的子数列和大于基准值元素的子数列排序。
3.代码实现

复制代码 代码如下:

function quickSort(array $array)
 {
     $len = count($array);
     if($len      {
         return $array;
     }
     $key = $array[0];
     $left = array();
     $right = array();
     for($i=1; $i     {
         if($array[$i]          {
             $left[] = $array[$i];
         }
         else
         {
             $right[] = $array[$i];
         }
     }
     $left = quickSort($left);
     $right = quickSort($right);
     return array_merge($left, array($key), $right);
 }

 print '

';<br> print_r(quickSort(array(1,4,22,5,7,6,9)));<br> print '
Copy after login
';
4.排序效果

使用快速排序法对一列数字进行排序的过程



二、冒泡排序
 
1.简介
冒泡排序(Bubble Sort,台湾译为:泡沫排序或气泡排序)是一种简单的排序算法。它重复地走访过要排序的数列,一次比较两个元素,如果他们的顺序错误就把他们交换过来。走访数列的工作是重复地进行直到没有再需要交换,也就是说该数列已经排序完成。这个算法的名字由来是因为越小的元素会经由交换慢慢“浮”到数列的顶端。
2.步骤
比较相邻的元素。如果第一个比第二个大,就交换他们两个。
对每一对相邻元素作同样的工作,从开始第一对到结尾的最后一对。在这一点,最后的元素应该会是最大的数。
针对所有的元素重复以上的步骤,除了最后一个。
持续每次对越来越少的元素重复上面的步骤,直到没有任何一对数字需要比较。
3.代码实现

复制代码 代码如下:

 function bubbingSort(array $array)
 {
     for($i=0, $len=count($array)-1; $i     {
         for($j=$len; $j>$i; --$j)
         {
             if($array[$j]              {
                 $temp = $array[$j];
                 $array[$j] = $array[$j-1];
                 $array[$j-1] = $temp;
             }
         }
     }
     return $array;
 }

 print '

';<br> print_r(bubbingSort(array(1,4,22,5,7,6,9)));<br> print '
Copy after login
';
4.排序过程

使用冒泡排序为一列数字进行排序的过程

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