Home php教程 php手册 Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP网站架构方案分析

Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP网站架构方案分析

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:42 AM
lamp analyze plan Architecture website

LAMP(Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP)网站架构是目前国际流行的Web框架,该框架包括:Linux操作系统,Apache网络服务器,MySQL数据库,Perl、PHP或者Python编程语言,所有组成产品均是开源软件,是国际上成熟的架构框架,很多流行的商业应用都是采取这个架构,和Java/J2EE架构相比,LAMP具有Web资源丰富、轻量、快速开发等特点,微软的.NET架构相比,LAMP具有通用、跨平台、高性能、低价格的优势,因此LAMP无论是性能、质量还是价格都是企业搭建网站的首选平台。

对于大流量、大并发量的网站系统架构来说,除了硬件上使用高性能的服务器、负载均衡、CDN等之外,在软件架构上需要重点关注下面几个环节:使用高性能的操作系统(OS)、高性能的网页服务器(Web Server)、高性能的数据库(Databse)、高效率的编程语言等。下面我将从这几点对其一一讨论。

 

操作系统

Linux操作系统有很多个不同的发行版,如Red Hat Enterprise Linux、SUSE Linux Enterprice、Debian、Ubuntu、CentOS等,每一个发行版都有自己的特色,比如RHEL的稳定,Ubuntu的易用,基于稳定性和性能的考虑,操作系统选择CentOS(Community ENTerprise Operating System)是一个理想的方案。

CentOS(Community ENTerprise Operating System)是Linux发行版之一,是RHEL/Red Hat Enterprise Linux的精简免费版,和RHEL为同样的源代码,不过,RHEL和SUSE LE等企业版,提供的升级服务均是收费升级,无法免费在线升级,因此要求免费的高度稳定性的服务器可以用CentOS替代Red Hat Enterprise Linux使用。

LAMP网站架构图

Web服务器、缓存和PHP加速

Apache是LAMP架构最核心的Web Server,开源、稳定、模块丰富是Apache的优势。但Apache的缺点是有些臃肿,内存和CPU开销大,性能上有损耗,不如一些轻量级的Web服务器(例如nginx)高效,轻量级的Web服务器对于静态文件的响应能力来说远高于Apache服务器。

Apache做为Web Server是负载PHP的最佳选择,如果流量很大的话,可以采用nginx来负载非PHP的Web请求。nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器,Nginx以它的稳定性、丰富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系统资源的消耗而闻名。Nginx不支持PHP和CGI等动态语言,但支持负载均衡和容错,可和Apache配合使用,是轻量级的HTTP服务器的首选。

Web服务器的缓存也有多种方案,Apache提供了自己的缓存模块,也可以使用外加的Squid模块进行缓存,这两种方式均可以有效的提高Apache的访问响应能力。Squid Cache是一个Web缓存服务器,支持高效的缓存,可以作为网页服务器的前置cache服务器缓存相关请求来提高Web服务器的速度,把Squid放在Apache的前端来缓存Web服务器生成的动态内容,而Web应用程序只需要适当地设置页面实效时间即可。如访问量巨大则可考虑使用memcache作为分布式缓存。

PHP的加速使用eAccelerator加速器,eAccelerator是一个自由开放源码PHP加速器,优化和动态内容缓存,提高了性能PHP脚本的缓存性能,使得PHP脚本在编译的状态下,对服务器的开销几乎完全消除。它还有对脚本起优化作用,以加快其执行效率。使PHP程序代码执效率能提高1-10倍。

具体的解决方案有以下几种:

1、squid + Apache + PHP + eAccelerator

使用Apache负载PHP,使用squid进行缓存,html或图片的请求可以直接由squid返回给用户。很多大型网站都采用这种架构。

2、nginx/Apache + PHP(fastcgi) + eAccelerator

使用nginx或Apache负载PHP,PHP使用fastcgi方式运行,效率较高。

3、nginx + Apache + PHP + eAccelerator

此方案综合了nginx和Apache的优点,使用Apache负载PHP,nginx负责解析其他Web请求,使用nginx的rewrite模块,Apache端口不对外开放。

 

数据库

开源的数据库中,MySQL在性能、稳定性和功能上是首选,可以达到百万级别的数据存储,网站初期可以将MySQL和Web服务器放在一起,但是当访问量达到一定规模后,应该将MySQL数据库从Web Server上独立出来,在单独的服务器上运行,同时保持Web Server和MySQL服务器的稳定连接。

当数据库访问量达到更大的级别,可以考虑使用MySQL Cluster等数据库集群或者库表散列等解决方案。

总的来说,LAMP架构的网站性能会远远优于Windows IIS + ASP + Access(例如月光博客)这样的网站,可以负载的访问量也非常大,国内的大量个人网站如果想要支撑大访问量,采用LAMP架构是一个不错的方案。

综上所述,基于LAMP架构设计具有成本低廉、部署灵活、快速开发、安全稳定等特点,是Web网络应用和环境的优秀组合。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
2 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
2 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Is there any website for learning C language? Is there any website for learning C language? Jan 30, 2024 pm 02:38 PM

Websites for learning C language: 1. C Language Chinese Website; 2. Rookie Tutorial; 3. C Language Forum; 4. C Language Empire; 5. Script House; 6. Tianji.com; 7. Red and Black Alliance; 8, 51 Self-study network; 9. Likou; 10. C Programming. Detailed introduction: 1. C language Chinese website, which is a website dedicated to providing C language learning materials for beginners. It is rich in content, including basic grammar, pointers, arrays, functions, structures and other modules; 2. Rookie tutorials, This is a comprehensive programming learning website and more.

What is the architecture and working principle of Spring Data JPA? What is the architecture and working principle of Spring Data JPA? Apr 17, 2024 pm 02:48 PM

SpringDataJPA is based on the JPA architecture and interacts with the database through mapping, ORM and transaction management. Its repository provides CRUD operations, and derived queries simplify database access. Additionally, it uses lazy loading to only retrieve data when necessary, thus improving performance.

1.3ms takes 1.3ms! Tsinghua's latest open source mobile neural network architecture RepViT 1.3ms takes 1.3ms! Tsinghua's latest open source mobile neural network architecture RepViT Mar 11, 2024 pm 12:07 PM

Paper address: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.09283 Code address: https://github.com/THU-MIG/RepViTRepViT performs well in the mobile ViT architecture and shows significant advantages. Next, we explore the contributions of this study. It is mentioned in the article that lightweight ViTs generally perform better than lightweight CNNs on visual tasks, mainly due to their multi-head self-attention module (MSHA) that allows the model to learn global representations. However, the architectural differences between lightweight ViTs and lightweight CNNs have not been fully studied. In this study, the authors integrated lightweight ViTs into the effective

How steep is the learning curve of golang framework architecture? How steep is the learning curve of golang framework architecture? Jun 05, 2024 pm 06:59 PM

The learning curve of the Go framework architecture depends on familiarity with the Go language and back-end development and the complexity of the chosen framework: a good understanding of the basics of the Go language. It helps to have backend development experience. Frameworks that differ in complexity lead to differences in learning curves.

Hand-tearing Llama3 layer 1: Implementing llama3 from scratch Hand-tearing Llama3 layer 1: Implementing llama3 from scratch Jun 01, 2024 pm 05:45 PM

1. Architecture of Llama3 In this series of articles, we implement llama3 from scratch. The overall architecture of Llama3: Picture the model parameters of Llama3: Let's take a look at the actual values ​​of these parameters in the Llama3 model. Picture [1] Context window (context-window) When instantiating the LlaMa class, the variable max_seq_len defines context-window. There are other parameters in the class, but this parameter is most directly related to the transformer model. The max_seq_len here is 8K. Picture [2] Vocabulary-size and AttentionL

Analysis of the reasons why the secondary directory of DreamWeaver CMS cannot be opened Analysis of the reasons why the secondary directory of DreamWeaver CMS cannot be opened Mar 13, 2024 pm 06:24 PM

Title: Analysis of the reasons and solutions for why the secondary directory of DreamWeaver CMS cannot be opened. Dreamweaver CMS (DedeCMS) is a powerful open source content management system that is widely used in the construction of various websites. However, sometimes during the process of building a website, you may encounter a situation where the secondary directory cannot be opened, which brings trouble to the normal operation of the website. In this article, we will analyze the possible reasons why the secondary directory cannot be opened and provide specific code examples to solve this problem. 1. Possible cause analysis: Pseudo-static rule configuration problem: during use

Review! Comprehensively summarize the important role of basic models in promoting autonomous driving Review! Comprehensively summarize the important role of basic models in promoting autonomous driving Jun 11, 2024 pm 05:29 PM

Written above & the author’s personal understanding: Recently, with the development and breakthroughs of deep learning technology, large-scale foundation models (Foundation Models) have achieved significant results in the fields of natural language processing and computer vision. The application of basic models in autonomous driving also has great development prospects, which can improve the understanding and reasoning of scenarios. Through pre-training on rich language and visual data, the basic model can understand and interpret various elements in autonomous driving scenarios and perform reasoning, providing language and action commands for driving decision-making and planning. The base model can be data augmented with an understanding of the driving scenario to provide those rare feasible features in long-tail distributions that are unlikely to be encountered during routine driving and data collection.

Analyze whether Tencent's main programming language is Go Analyze whether Tencent's main programming language is Go Mar 27, 2024 pm 04:21 PM

Title: Is Tencent’s main programming language Go: An in-depth analysis. As China’s leading technology company, Tencent has always attracted much attention in its choice of programming languages. In recent years, some people believe that Tencent mainly adopts Go as its main programming language. This article will conduct an in-depth analysis of whether Tencent's main programming language is Go, and give specific code examples to support this view. 1. Application of Go language in Tencent Go is an open source programming language developed by Google. Its efficiency, concurrency and simplicity are loved by many developers.

See all articles