[总结] 【架构与优化】从Facebook中集思广益，相互学习
本人才学疏浅，提出这个问题只是为了抛砖引玉，希望大家能在自己擅长的领域里对Facebook中可能采用的某个技术或者架构方案或优化方法，做个自己的论述。根据2008年9月1日，腾讯网对Facebook的技术运营副总裁Jonathan Heiliger的访问，我们了解到：
（1）Facebook自称全球流量第四的网站，每天9000万活跃用户访问Facebook的1万台服务器。
（2）25TB数据（08年12月为28TB），40万名外部开发者支持，开发了2.5万套应用软件。
（3）使用LAMP（Linux、 Apache、 MySQL、 PHP）技术构架；数据库使用MySQL；使用Memcached缓存SQL加速（全球最大的分布式Memcached缓存，800多台服务器，光缓存在Memcached中数据就达20多TB）；使用APC进行opcode编译缓存。关于PHP的编译执行如下图所示：
而Facebook的缓存方案如下图所示：
（4）一些后台应用是用Python、Perl和Java，以及一些gcc和Boost。（5）使用SVN和Git来进行代码管理，并且全部企业内部的软件部署都采用开源程序。
2. 可能会采用的MySQL架构与优化
（1）数据的垂直（无关联数据放置不同数据库服务器）与水平分割（库表散列，如用user_id散列），然后用MySQL Proxy/Spock Proxy进行分割表的反向代理。
（2）合理使用变量，并在本地文件建立散列的映射关系，进一步进行分割。
（3）Master/Slave集群架构，实现读写分离。
（4）合理的数据库结构设计，与索引优化
（5）其他：索引缓存、联合索引、查询缓存等。
3. 可能会采用的系统优化
（1）使用epoll模型
（2）异步I/O
（3）fastcgi或其他方法实现多进程
（4）sendfile系统调用增大网络I/O流量
4. 可能会采用的Web架构或前端技术
（1）Web组件分离，如独立的图片服务器，JavaScript、CSS文件、动态脚本的分离。
（2）Nginx反向代理（或Squid）
（3）多副本负载均衡
（4）HTTP持久连接与合理利用浏览器缓存，例如背景图偏移量技术，及对CSS、JavaScript和视频的
5. 一些可能会用也可能不用的压力测试
（1）Apache的ab进行压力测试
（2）Apache的prefork模式进行多进程切换的压力测试
（3）使用Nginx为多进程下的CPU与IO进行监控
Linux下的Memcached开发，请参看逆雪寒的文章http://bbs.phpchina.com/viewthread.php?tid=48667&highlight=linux%2B%CF%C2%B5%C4%2Bmemcached%2B%BF%AA%B7%A2
Memcached的分布式缓存机制及相关解决方案请阅读以下网址及相关文章：
http://tech.idv2.com/2008/07/24/memcached-004/
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