Home php教程 php手册 什么是"OpenSource"(开放源码)

什么是"OpenSource"(开放源码)

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:53 AM
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  "Open Source"(开放源码)被非赢利软件组织(美国的Open Source Initiative协会)注册为认证标记,并对其进行了正式的定义,用于描述那些源码可以被公众使用的软件,并且此软件的使用、修改和发行也不受许可证的限制。
      开放源码软件通常是有版权 ( copyright ) 的.它的许可证可能包含这样一些限制:着意地保护它的开放源码状态,著者身份的公告,或者开发的控制。实际上,开源软件同时涉及源码本身和开发过程,涵盖了三个方面的意义:免费分发的源代码、模块化的体系和集市式的开发--在这种开发方式中,任何地方的任何人都可以参与最终产品的制造,三个方面互相之间有密切的联系,集市式的开发过程给开源软件以强大的改错能力,因为它将程序中的错误公开给了数量巨大的观众,他们都是潜在的改错者。另一方面,任何人都可以复用和发行开源软件的代码这一事实又支持了公众利益,因为创新的观念被整个集市所共享。另外,"open source"这一术语还被延伸到其他智力团体中,指那些可通过公开手段获得的智力资源,比如报纸、教学课件等。
       美国一些进步的评论家指出,在象网络这样的虚拟环境中,驱动系统的底层代码,尤其是广为人知的那些应用程序之间的通信协议,它们在某种意义上很象现实社会中的法规。换句话说,这些代码对网上的行为给出了一些规范,它鼓励某些行为,而限制其他行为,就像现实社会的法律一样。因此,开放源码带来了一个更民主的开发方式,在这种方式下,好的主意将被集体分享,而不是作为智力资本被个人秘藏着。在这种意义上,开放源码实质上成为一种政治哲学。

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