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php异常错误处理机制与错误处理(1/2)

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:56 AM
catch php try and exist deal with abnormal us have mechanism use this mistake

在php中我们用到最常用的错误机制有try catch{}这个来处理可以很方便面的捕捉到错误,但在php中对于很多还提供了错误查看和错误关闭这个可以在php.ini中处理也可以在文件最开始加个error_display(0);来不显示错误

 代码如下 复制代码

$a = fopen('test.txt','r');
//这里并没有对文件进行判断就打开了,如果文件不存在就会报错
?>

那么正确的写法应该如下:

 代码如下 复制代码

if(file_exists('test.txt')){
$f=fopen('test.txt','r');
//使用完后关闭
fclose($f);
}
?>

一、PHP错误处理的三种方式A、简单的die()语句;
等价于exit();
例:

 代码如下 复制代码

if(!file_exists('aa.txt')){
die('文件不存在');
} else {
//执行操作
}
//如果上面die()被触发,那么这里echo接不被执行
echo 'ok';

简洁写法:

 代码如下 复制代码

file_exits('aaa.txt') or die('文件不存在');
echo 'ok';

B、自定义错误和错误触发器

1、错误处理器(自定义错误,一般用于语法错误处理)
创建自定义错误函数(处理器),该函数必须有能力处理至少两个参数(error_level和errormessage),但是可以接受最多五个参数(error_file、error_line、error_context)
语法:

function error_function($error_level,$error_message,$error_file,$error_line,$error_context)
//创建好后还需要改写set_error_handler();函数
set_error_handler('error_function',E_WARNING);//这里error_function对应上面创建的自定义处理器名,第二个参数为使用自定义错误处理器的错误级别;

错误报告级别(了解即可)

这些错误报告级别是错误处理程序旨在处理的错误的不同的类型:

值 常量 描述
2 E_WARNING 非致命的 run-time 错误。不暂停脚本执行。
8 E_NOTICE Run-time 通知。

脚本发现可能有错误发生,但也可能在脚本正常运行时发生。
 
256 E_USER_ERROR 致命的用户生成的错误。这类似于程序员使用 PHP 函数 trigger_error() 设置的 E_ERROR。
512 E_USER_WARNING 非致命的用户生成的警告。这类似于程序员使用 PHP 函数 trigger_error() 设置的 E_WARNING。
1024 E_USER_NOTICE 用户生成的通知。这类似于程序员使用 PHP 函数 trigger_error() 设置的 E_NOTICE。
4096 E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR 可捕获的致命错误。类似 E_ERROR,但可被用户定义的处理程序捕获。(参见 set_error_handler())
8191 E_ALL 所有错误和警告,除级别 E_STRICT 以外。

(在 PHP 6.0,E_STRICT 是 E_ALL 的一部分)
 

2、错误触发器(一般用于处理逻辑上的错误)
需求:比如要接收一个年龄,如果数字大于120,就认为是一个错误
传统方法:

if($age>120){
echo '年龄错误';exit();
}

使用触发器:

if($age>120){
//trigger_error('错误信息'[,'错误等级']);这里错误等级为可选项,用于定义该错误的级别
//用户定义的级别包含以下三种:E_USER_WARNING 、E_USER_ERROR 、E_USER_NOTICE
trigger_error('年龄错误');//这里是调用的系统默认的错误处理方式,我们也可以用自定义处理器
}
//自定义处理器,与上面相同
function myerror($error_level,$error_message){
echo 'error text';
}
//同时需要改变系统默认的处理函数
set_error_handler('myerror',E_USER_WARNING);//同上面,第一个参数为自定义函数的名称,第二个为错误级别【这里的错误级别通常为以下三种:E_USER_WARNING 、E_USER_ERROR 、E_USER_NOTICE】
//现在再使用trigger_error就可以使用自定义的错误处理函数了

练习题:

 代码如下 复制代码

date_default_timezone_set('PRC');
function myerror($error_level,$error_message){
$info= "错误号:$error_leveln";
$info.= "错误信息:$error_messagen";
$info.= '发生时间:'.date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
$filename='aa.txt';
if(!$fp=fopen($filename,'a')){
'创建文件'.$filename.'失败';
}
if(is_writeable($filename)){
if(!fwrite($fp,$info)){
echo '写入文件失败';
} else {
echo '已成功记录错误信息';
}
fclose($fp);
} else {
echo '文件'.$filename.'不可写';
}
exit();
}
set_error_handler('myerror',E_WARNING);
$fp=fopen('aaa.txt','r');
?>

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