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php中session超时严格控制实例

Jun 13, 2016 am 09:56 AM
php session but Example time yes time out default

php中session默认是30分钟超时,但是有的时间压根就没到30分钟就自动超时了,这对很多操作带来不便,下面我们来看看解决30分钟超时的办法。

第一种回答

那么, 最常见的一种回答是: 设置Session的过期时间, 也就是session.gc_maxlifetime, 这种回答是不正确的, 原因如下:

1. 首先, 这个PHP是用一定的概率来运行session的gc的, 也就是session.gc_probability和session.gc_divisor(介绍参看 深入理解PHP原理之Session Gc的一个小概率Notice), 这个默认的值分别是1和100, 也就是有1%的机会, PHP会在一个Session启动时, 运行Session gc. 不能保证到30分钟的时候一定会过期.

2. 那设置一个大概率的清理机会呢? 还是不妥, 为什么? 因为PHP使用stat Session文件的修改时间来判断是否过期, 如果增大这个概率一来会降低性能, 二来, PHP使用”一个”文件来保存和一个会话相关的Session变量, 假设我5分钟前设置了一个a=1的Session变量, 5分钟后又设置了一个b=2的Seesion变量, 那么这个Session文件的修改时间为添加b时刻的时间, 那么a就不能在30分钟的时候, 被清理了. 另外还有下面第三个原因.

3. PHP默认的(Linux为例), 是使用/tmp 作为Session的默认存储目录, 并且手册中也有如下的描述:

Note: 如果不同的脚本具有不同的 session.gc_maxlifetime 数值但是共享了同一个地方存储会话数据,则具有最小数值的脚本会清理数据。此情况下,与 session.save_path 一起使用本指令。

 

也就是说, 如果有俩个应用都没有指定自己独立的save_path, 一个设置了过期时间为2分钟(假设为A), 一个设置为30分钟(假设为B), 那么每次当A的Session gc运行的时候, 就会同时删除属于应用B的Session files.

所以, 第一种答案是不”完全严格”正确的.

第二种答案
还有一种常见的答案是: 设置Session ID的载体, Cookie的过期时间, 也就是session.cookie_lifetime. 这种回答也是不正确的, 原因如下:

这个过期只是Cookie过期, 换个说法这点就考察Cookie和Session的区别, Session过期是服务器过期, 而Cookie过期是客户端(浏览器)来保证的, 即使你设置了Cookie过期, 这个只能保证标准浏览器到期的时候, 不会发送这个Cookie(包含着Session ID), 而如果通过构造请求, 还是可以使用这个Session ID的值.

第三种答案
使用memcache, redis等, okey, 这种答案是一种正确答案. 不过, 很显然出题者肯定还会接着问你, 如果只是使用PHP呢?

第四种答案
当然, 面试不是为了难道你, 而是为了考察思考的周密性. 在这个过程中我会提示出这些陷阱, 所以一般来说, 符合题意的做法是:

1. 设置Cookie过期时间30分钟, 并设置Session的lifetime也为30分钟.

2. 自己为每一个Session值增加Time stamp.

3. 每次访问之前, 判断时间戳.

国外网站参考session.gc_maxlifetime

session.gc_maxlifetime specifies the number of seconds after which data will be seen as 'garbage' and potentially cleaned up. Garbage collection may occur during session start (depending on session.gc_probability and session.gc_divisor).
Note:

If different scripts have different values of session.gc_maxlifetime but share the same place for storing the session data then the script with the minimum value will be cleaning the data. In this case, use this directive together with session.save_path.


Note: If you are using the default file-based session handler, your filesystem must keep track of access times (atime). Windows FAT does not so you will have to come up with another way to handle garbage collecting your session if you are stuck with a FAT filesystem or any other filesystem where atime tracking is not available. Since PHP 4.2.3 it has used mtime (modified date) instead of atime. So, you won't have problems with filesystems where atime tracking is not available.

session.referer_check string
session.referer_check contains the substring you want to check each HTTP Referer for. If the Referer was sent by the client and the substring was not found, the embedded session id will be marked as invalid. Defaults to the empty string.
session.entropy_file string
session.entropy_file gives a path to an external resource (file) which will be used as an additional entropy source in the session id creation process. Examples are /dev/random or /dev/urandom which are available on many Unix systems. This feature is supported on Windows since PHP 5.3.3. Setting session.entropy_length to a non zero value will make PHP use the Windows Random API as entropy source.
session.entropy_length integer
session.entropy_length specifies the number of bytes which will be read from the file specified above. Defaults to 0 (disabled).
session.use_cookies boolean


PHP原理之Session Gc的一个小概率Notice

如果在ubuntu/Debian下, 采用apt安装的PHP, 那么在使用Session的时候, 就可能会有小概率遇到这个提示.

PHP Notice: session_start(): ps_files_cleanup_dir:

   opendir(/var/lib/php5) failed: Permission denied (13)

   in /home/laruence/www/htdocs/index.php on line 22

 

这是因为, 在PHP中, 如果使用file_handler作为Session的save handler, 那么就有概率在每次session_start的时候运行Session的Gc过程.

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