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php查找数组元素各种方法总结

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:01 AM
php and element Classification Can exist multidimensional Summarize data query array method check Find

在php中数据查询可以分类一维数组查找,与多维数组查找了,如果是简单的一维数组我们可以直接使用in_array ,array_search 与遍历来实例了,如果是多维数组就需要使用其它办法。

对于一维数组我们可以如下操作

in_array  '函数在数组中搜索给定的值。in_array(value,array,type)type 可选。如果设置该参数为 true,则检查搜索的数据与数组的值的类型是否相同。

array_key_exists 'array_key_exists() 函数判断某个数组中是否存在指定的 key,如果该 key 存在,则返回 true,否则返回 false。array_key_exists(key,array)

array_search 'array_search() 函数与 in_array() 一样,在数组中查找一个键值。如果找到了该值,匹配元素的键名会被返回。如果没找到,则返回 false。array_search(value,array,strict)

从这里来看,在数据量不大的时候,比如小于1000,查找用哪一种都行,都不会成为瓶颈;
当数据量比较大的时候,用array_key_exists比较合适。
当然这里array_key_exists占用的内存比较大,经测算

二分法查找数组是否包含某一元素,兼容正反序,代码实现:

 代码如下 复制代码

$searchValue = (int)$_GET['key'];

function search(array $array, $value)
{
$max = count($array)-1;
$min = 0;
$isAscSort = $array[$min]

while (TRUE) {
$sum = $min+$max;
$midKey = (int)($sum%2 == 1 ? ceil($sum/2) : $sum/2);

if ($max return -1;
} else if ($value == $array[$midKey]) {
return 1;
} else if ($value > $array[$midKey]) {
$isAscSort ? $min = $midKey+1 : $max = $midKey-1;
} else if ($value $isAscSort ? $max = $midKey-1 : $min = $midKey+1;
}
}
}

$array = array(
'4', '5', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12'
);
// 正序
echo search($array, $searchValue);

// 逆序
rsort($array);
echo search($array, $searchValue);

例二

PHP 查找数组第i小元素

 代码如下 复制代码

     #随机选择第i小的数字,用随机快排实现
    
     #交换元素
     function swap(&$arr, $i, $j) {
         $temp = $arr[$i];
         $arr[$i] = $arr[$j];
         $arr[$j] = $temp;
     }
 
     #随机划分
     function randomized_partition(&$arr, $begin, $end) {
         $rand_inx = rand($begin, $end);
         swap($arr, $begin, $rand_inx);
         return partition($arr, $begin, $end);
     }
 
     #划分
     function partition(&$arr, $begin, $end) {
         #以第一个元素作为中枢元素
         $pivot = $begin;
         $low = $begin;
         $high = $end;
 
         while ($low              while ($low                  $low++;
             }
 
             while ($low = $arr[$pivot]) {
                 $high--;
             }
 
             swap($arr, $low, $high);
         }
 
         #交换中枢元素
         if ($arr[$pivot]              $low--;
         }
         swap($arr, $pivot, $low);
         return $low;
     }
 
     #快速排序,此处没用到
     function quick_sort(&$arr, $begin, $end) {
         $q = randomized_partition($arr, $begin, $end);
         if ($q > $begin) {
             quick_sort($arr, $begin, $q - 1);
         }
         if ($q              quick_sort($arr, $q + 1, $end);
         }
     }
 
     #选取第i小的数
     function randomized_select(&$arr, $begin, $end, $i) {
         if ($begin == $end) {
             return $arr[$begin];
         }
 
         $q = randomized_partition($arr, $begin, $end);
         $k = $q - $begin + 1; #k代表小于等于q的元素个数
 
         if ($k == $i) { #如果k=i,说明q就是第i小的元素坐标
             return $arr[$q];
         } else if ($i              return randomized_select($arr, $begin, $q - 1, $i);
         } else { #第i小的元素位于q的右边,此时查找右边的第i-k小的元素
             return randomized_select($arr, $q + 1, $end, $i - $k);
         }
     }
 
     $arr = array(1, 5, 3, 7, 0, 0, 8, 4, 2, 9, 11);
     $t = randomized_select($arr, 0, count($arr) - 1, 8);
     print_r("The 8th minimum element: {$t}");
     echo "
";
     quick_sort($arr, 0, count($arr) - 1);
     print_r($arr);
 ?>

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