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php安全配置方法

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:12 AM
php and Safety method have Compare Version Configuration question

PHP本身再老版本有一些问题,比如在 php4.3.10和php5.0.3以前有一些比较严重的bug,所以推荐使用新版。另外,目前闹的轰轰烈烈的SQL Injection也是在PHP上有很多利用方式,所以要保证安全,PHP代码编写是一方面,PHP的配置更是非常关键。

我们php手手工安装的,php的默认配置文件在 /usr/local/apache2/conf/php.ini,我们最主要就是要配置php.ini中的内容,让我们执行php能够更安全。整个PHP中的安全设置主要是为了防止phpshell和SQL Injection的攻击,一下我们慢慢探讨。我们先使用任何编辑工具打开/etc/local/apache2/conf/php.ini,如果你是采用其他方式安装,配置文件可能不在该目录。

(1) 打开php的安全模式

php的安全模式是个非常重要的内嵌的安全机制,能够控制一些php中的函数,比如system(),

同时把很多文件操作函数进行了权限控制,也不允许对某些关键文件的文件,比如/etc/passwd,

但是默认的php.ini是没有打开安全模式的,我们把它打开:

safe_mode = on

(2) 用户组安全

当safe_mode打开时,safe_mode_gid被关闭,那么php脚本能够对文件进行访问,而且相同

组的用户也能够对文件进行访问。

建议设置为:

safe_mode_gid = off

如果不进行设置,可能我们无法对我们服务器网站目录下的文件进行操作了,比如我们需要

对文件进行操作的时候。

(3) 安全模式下执行程序主目录

如果安全模式打开了,但是却是要执行某些程序的时候,可以指定要执行程序的主目录:

safe_mode_exec_dir = D:/usr/bin

一般情况下是不需要执行什么程序的,所以推荐不要执行系统程序目录,可以指向一个目录,

然后把需要执行的程序拷贝过去,比如:

safe_mode_exec_dir = D:/tmp/cmd

但是,我更推荐不要执行任何程序,那么就可以指向我们网页目录:

safe_mode_exec_dir = D:/usr/www

(4) 安全模式下包含文件

如果要在安全模式下包含某些公共文件,那么就修改一下选项:

safe_mode_include_dir = D:/usr/www/include/

其实一般php脚本中包含文件都是在程序自己已经写好了,这个可以根据具体需要设置。

(5) 控制php脚本能访问的目录

使用open_basedir选项能够控制PHP脚本只能访问指定的目录,这样能够避免PHP脚本访问

不应该访问的文件,一定程度上限制了phpshell的危害,我们一般可以设置为只能访问网站目录:

open_basedir = D:/usr/www

(6) 关闭危险函数

如果打开了安全模式,那么函数禁止是可以不需要的,但是我们为了安全还是考虑进去。比如,

我们觉得不希望执行包括system()等在那的能够执行命令的php函数,或者能够查看php信息的

phpinfo()等函数,那么我们就可以禁止它们:

disable_functions = system,passthru,exec,shell_exec,popen,phpinfo

如果你要禁止任何文件和目录的操作,那么可以关闭很多文件操作

disable_functions = chdir,chroot,dir,getcwd,opendir,readdir,scandir,fopen,unlink,delete,copy,mkdir, rmdir,rename,file,file_get_contents,fputs,fwrite,chgrp,chmod,chown

以上只是列了部分不叫常用的文件处理函数,你也可以把上面执行命令函数和这个函数结合,

就能够抵制大部分的phpshell了。

(7) 关闭PHP版本信息在http头中的泄漏

我们为了防止黑客获取服务器中php版本的信息,可以关闭该信息斜路在http头中:

expose_php = Off

比如黑客在 telnet www.chinaz.com 80 的时候,那么将无法看到PHP的信息。

(8) 关闭注册全局变量

在PHP中提交的变量,包括使用POST或者GET提交的变量,都将自动注册为全局变量,能够直接访问,

这是对服务器非常不安全的,所以我们不能让它注册为全局变量,就把注册全局变量选项关闭:

register_globals = Off

当然,如果这样设置了,那么获取对应变量的时候就要采用合理方式,比如获取GET提交的变量var,

那么就要用$_GET['var']来进行获取,这个php程序员要注意。

(9) 打开magic_quotes_gpc来防止SQL注入

SQL注入是非常危险的问题,小则网站后台被入侵,重则整个服务器沦陷,

所以一定要小心。php.ini中有一个设置:

magic_quotes_gpc = Off

这个默认是关闭的,如果它打开后将自动把用户提交对sql的查询进行转换,

比如把 ' 转为 '等,这对防止sql注射有重大作用。所以我们推荐设置为:

magic_quotes_gpc = On

(10) 错误信息控制

一般php在没有连接到数据库或者其他情况下会有提示错误,一般错误信息中会包含php脚本当

前的路径信息或者查询的SQL语句等信息,这类信息提供给黑客后,是不安全的,所以一般服务器建议禁止错误提示:

display_errors = Off

如果你却是是要显示错误信息,一定要设置显示错误的级别,比如只显示警告以上的信息:

error_reporting = E_WARNING & E_ERROR

当然,我还是建议关闭错误提示。

(11) 错误日志

建议在关闭display_errors后能够把错误信息记录下来,便于查找服务器运行的原因:

log_errors = On

同时也要设置错误日志存放的目录,建议根apache的日志存在一起:

error_log = D:/usr/local/apache2/logs/php_error.log

注意:给文件必须允许apache用户的和组具有写的权限。

MYSQL的降权运行

新建立一个用户比如mysqlstart

net user mysqlstart ****microsoft /add

net localgroup users mysqlstart /del

不属于任何组

如果MYSQL装在d:mysql ,那么,给 mysqlstart 完全控制 的权限

然后在系统服务中设置,MYSQL的服务属性,在登录属性当中,选择此用户 mysqlstart 然后输入密码,确定。

重新启动 MYSQL服务,然后MYSQL就运行在低权限下了。

如果是在windos平台下搭建的apache我们还需要注意一点,apache默认运行是system权限,

这很恐怖,这让人感觉很不爽.那我们就给apache降降权限吧。

net user apache ****microsoft /add

net localgroup users apache /del

ok.我们建立了一个不属于任何组的用户apche。

我们打开计算机管理器,选服务,点apache服务的属性,我们选择log on,选择this account,我们填入上面所建立的账户和密码,

重启apache服务,ok,apache运行在低权限下了。

实际上我们还可以通过设置各个文件夹的权限,来让apache用户只能执行我们想让它能干的事情,给每一个目录建立一个单独能读写的用户。

 

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