Introduction to the built-in methods of array objects in JavaScript

/**
* This article is purely to sort out the built-in Methods of Array objects in the current W3C standard.
* The full text is not nutritious, but the final part of the performance test does raise some questions.
*/
Mutator methods
These methods directly modify the array itself
pop and push
Array.pop (); // Delete the last element of the array and return the deleted element
Array.push(element1, ..., elementN); // Insert 1-N elements at the end of the array and return the length of the array after the operation
Through this pop and push, the array can be simulated as a stack for operation.
The characteristic of the stack data structure is "last in, first out" (LIFO, Last In First Out).
shift and unshift
Array.shift(); // Delete the first element of the array and return the deleted element
Array.unshift(element1, ..., elementN) ; // Insert 1-N elements into the head of the array, and return the length of the array after the operation
Use shift and unshift to implement queue operations.
The operation mode of queue is opposite to that of stack, using "first-in-first-out" (FIFO, First-In-First-Out).
splice

Copy code The code is as follows:

 
Array. splice(index, howMany[, element1[, ...[, elementN]]]); 
Array.splice(index); 

Parameters:
index: Where to specify Add/remove elements.
howmany: Specifies how many elements should be deleted.
elements: Specifies new elements to be added to the array, starting from the subscript pointed to by index.
The splice method is a complement to pop, push, shift, and unshift.
The return value is the deleted element.
reverse

Copy code The code is as follows:

 
Array. reverse(); // Reverse the order of elements in the array and return the reversed array 

sort

Copy the code The code is as follows:

Array.sort([compareFunction]);

If no parameters are used when calling this method, Will sort the elements in the array alphabetically.
To be more precise, it is sorted according to the order of character encoding.
If you want to sort by other criteria, you need to provide a comparison function, which compares two values and returns a number that describes the relative order of the two values. The comparison function should have two parameters a and b, and its return value is as follows:
•If a is less than b, a should appear before b in the sorted array, then return a value less than 0.
•If a equals b, return 0.
•If a is greater than b, return a value greater than 0.
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Accessor methods
These methods just return the corresponding results without modifying the array itself
concat

Copy code The code is as follows:

 
Array.concat(value1, value2, ..., valueN); // Link 2 or more arrays and return the merged array 

But there is one thing that needs to be noted, which is illustrated by the following example:

Copy the code The code is as follows:

 
var arr = [1, 2, 3]; 
arr.concat(4, 5); // return [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] 
arr.concat([ 4, 5]); // return [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] 
arr.concat([4, 5], [6, 7]); // return [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] 
arr.concat(4, [5, [6, 7]]); // return [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, [6, 7]] 

join
string = Array.join(separator);
Put all elements in the array into a string. Among them, elements are separated by specified delimiters.
The default delimiter is comma (,), and the return value is the combined string.
[1, 2, 3].join(); // return "1,2,3"Array.join() method is actually the reverse operation of String.splite().
slice

Copy code The code is as follows:

Array. slice(begin[, end]); // Return the selected element in the array

toString

Copy code The code is as follows:

 
Array. toString(); // I won’t talk about this anymore, all JavaScripts have toString method 

indexOf and lastIndexOf *[ECMAScript 5]

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Array.indexOf(searchElement[, fromIndex]); // Search 
Array from scratch .lastIndexOf(searchElement[, fromIndex]); // Search from the end 

searchElement: the value to be searched
fromIndex: index, indicating where to start the search
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Iteration methods
forEach *[ECMAScript 5] / / Traverse the array from beginning to end, and for each element in the array, call the specified function

Parameters: callback: the function called when traversing the array thisArg: specify the callback The scope of In addition, the callback will call three parameters: value: array element index: array index

array: array itself

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The code is as follows:

[1, 2].forEach(function(value, index, array) {
console.log(value, index, array);

}); // return // 1 0 [1, 2] // 2 1 [1, 2] Note: forEach cannot interrupt array traversal through break.

Solution: Use the try method to throw an exception and terminate the traversal.

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 The code is as follows:

try {
[1,2,3] .forEach(function(val) {

console.log(val); throw(e) }); } catch(e) { console.log(e); }

map
 *[ECMAScript 5] 
Array.map(callback[, thisArg]); // Traverse the array elements, call the specified function, and Return all results as an array 
 Parameters: 
 callback: function called when traversing the array 
 thisObject: specify the scope of the callback 
 Example: 

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The code is as follows:

[1, 2, 3].map(function(num) { // return [2, 3, 4]
return num 1;

}); filter *[ECMAScript 5]

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The code is as follows:
Array.filter(callback[, thisObject]); // Traverse the array and call the method. Elements that meet the conditions (return true) will be Add to the array of return values

Parameters: callback: function called when traversing the array thisObject: specify the scope of the callback Example:

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The code is as follows:

[1, 2, 3].filter(function(num) { // return [1]
return num < 2;

}); every and some *[ECMAScript 5]

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The code is as follows:
Array.every(callback[, thisObject]); // "AND"
Array. some(callback[, thisObject]); // "or"

Parameters: callback: the function called when traversing the array thisObject: specifies the scope of the callback every : When all elements call the function and return true, the result will return true, otherwise it will return false. some: When all elements call the function and return false, the result will return false, otherwise it will return true.

Once the return values of every and some are determined, the traversal will stop immediately.

Example:

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The code is as follows:

[1, 2, 3]. every(function(num) { // return false
return num > 1;
});
[1, 2, 3] . some(function(num) { // return true
return num > 2;
});

reduce and reduceRight *[ECMAScript 5] / / Use the specified method to combine array elements, from low to high (from left to right)
Array.reduceRight(callback[, initialValue]); // Use the specified method to combine array elements, according to Index from high to low (right to left)

Parameters: callback: the function called when traversing the array initialValue: the previousValue passed in when the callback is called for the first time In addition, the callback will call four parameters: previousValue: the cumulative result of the operation so far

currentValue: array element

index: array index
array: the array itself
Example: 
[1, 2, 3]. reduce(function(x, y) { // return 106 

return x y;
}, 100);
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Performance test

Test system: Windows 7
Test browser: Chrome 26.0.1386.0

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The code is as follows:

var arr = [];

for(var i = 0; i < 999999; i ) { arr.push(i); } forEach

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The code is as follows:
function forEachTest() {
howTime("forEach", function() {

var num = 0; arr.forEach(function(val, key) { num = val; }); }); howTime("for" , function() { var num = 0;

for(var i = 0, len = arr.length; i < len; i ) {

num = arr[i]; 
 } 
}); 
} 

The following are the results of 3 random tests (the specific results are related to the computer configuration, the smaller the result, the better the performance): 

time_forEach

time_for

1421.000ms 
64.000ms 

1641.000ms 
63.000ms 

1525.000ms 
63.000ms 

As you can see, Chrome has not specifically optimized forEach. Compared with directly using for loop traversal, the performance is still better. A big gap. 
Because forEach is an ECMAScript 5 thing, older browsers do not support it. 
However, MDN has provided a backward compatible solution:

time_forEach	time_for
1421.000ms	64.000ms
1641.000ms	63.000ms
1525.000ms	63.000ms

Copy the code

The code is as follows:

if(!Array.prototype.forEach) { Array.prototype.forEach = function(fn, scope) { for(var i = 0, len = this.length; i < len; i) { fn.call(scope, this[i], i, this); } }

}

 
What’s outrageous is that the native forEach Method, in terms of performance, is actually not as good as the forEach constructed by yourself! 
Also, what about other iteration methods of other Array objects? 
You will basically understand it after looking at this Demo: http://maplejan.sinaapp.com/demo/ArratMethod.html 
In addition, I also discovered an interesting situation. 
If you run the Demo JavaScript code directly on the console, you will find a big difference in performance! 
At this time, the performance of writing directly using a for loop will be even worse. 
 Regarding this question, I asked it on Zhihu. The question address is: http://www.zhihu.com/question/20837774