php入门教程之对象详解(1/5)
php中对象包括很多内容,如最常用的php类,接口,多态性 魔术方法(:_construct(),_destruct(),_clone)等。
类的声明:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
权限修饰符 class 类名{ //权限修士符号:public,protected,private 或者省略3者. //...
|
成员属性:
在类中直接声明的变量称为成员属性/变量.其类型可以为php中的标量类型和复合类型,使用资源类型和空类型是无效的.
此外,成员属性的声明时,必须要有关键字来修饰:有特定意义的关键字:public,protected,private ;不需要特定意义:var.声明成员属性时,没有必要赋初始值.
成员常量:
以const常量修饰,例如:const PI = 3.1415926;
常量的输出不需要实例化,直接由类名+常量名调用即可,格式为: 类名::常量名
ps. 特殊的访问方法:--------"$this" 和 "::"
1) $"this" 存在于每个成员方法当中,它是一个特殊的对象以用方法.成员方法属于那个对象,$this应用就代表那个对象,其作用就是专门完成对象内部成员之间的访问.
2) "::"成为作用域操作符,使用这个操作符可以在不创建对象的情况下调用类中的常量,变量和方法. 其语法格式如下:
关键字::变量名/常量名/方法名
关键字:parent,可以调用父类成员中的成员变量,成员方法和常量;
self,可以调用当前类中的静态成员和常量;
类名,可以调用类中的常量,变量和方法;
成员方法:
在类中声明的函数成为成员方法,在一个类中可以声明多个函数,即对象可以拥有多个成员方法.成员方法的声明和函数的声明相同,唯一特殊之处就是成员方法可以有关键字对它进行修饰,从而控制其访问权限.
类的实例化
创建对象:
$变量名 = new 类名称([参数]); //类的实例化.
访问类成员:
$变量名 -> 成员属性 = 值;
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