How to build a RESTful API and process JSON responses using Golang?

How to build and process a RESTful API with JSON responses using Golang Steps: Create a Golang project and install Gorilla Mux. Define routes and handle HTTP requests. Install the JSON codec package to use the JSON codec. Handles requests based on the request method and converts the data to JSON and writes the response.

How to use Golang to build a RESTful API and process JSON responses

Prerequisites

• Understand the basics of Golang
• Familiar with JSON data format

Build RESTful API

1. Create a Golang project

go mod init <project-name>

2. Install Gorilla Mux Routing package

go get github.com/gorilla/mux

3. Define routing

import (
    "github.com/gorilla/mux"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    router := mux.NewRouter()
    router.HandleFunc("/", HomeHandler).Methods("GET")
    // ... 其他路由定义
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}

4. Process HTTP request

func HomeHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // 根据请求方法处理请求
    switch r.Method {
    case "GET":
        // ... 处理 GET 请求
    case "POST":
        // ... 处理 POST 请求
    // ... 其他方法处理
    }
}

Process JSON response

1. Install the JSON codec package

go get github.com/json-iterator/go

2. Use the JSON codec

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

func WriteJSONResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, data interface{}) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(data); err != nil {
        // 处理错误
    }
}

Practical case

Example API: Get all users

Route definition:

router.HandleFunc("/users", GetAllUsersHandler).Methods("GET")

Request handler:

import (
    "net/http"
    "github.com/json-iterator/go"
)

// ...

func GetAllUsersHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    users := [...]UserModel{
        {ID: 1, Name: "John Doe"},
        {ID: 2, Name: "Jane Doe"},
    }

    // 将用户模型转换为 JSON 并写入响应
    WriteJSONResponse(w, users)
}

Client:

Send a GET request to the /users endpoint and parse the JSON response.

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