PHP引用传递与引用&一些用法介绍
在php中引用是使用&来做,下面我来给大家介绍在php引用一些用法与引用问题与事项实例,欢迎各位朋友进入参考。
引用是什么
在 PHP 中引用意味着用不同的名字访问同一个变量内容。这并不像 C 的指针,替代的是,引用是符号表别名。注意在 PHP 中,变量名和变量内容是不一样的,因此同样的内容可以有不同的名字。最接近的比喻是 Unix 的文件名和文件本身——变量名是目录条目,而变量内容则是文件本身。引用可以被看作是 Unix 文件系统中的 hardlink。
引用做什么
PHP 的引用允许用两个变量来指向同一个内容。
当 $a =& $b; 时 $a 和 $b 指向了同一个变量。
提示:$a 和 $b 在这里是完全相同的,这并不是 $a 指向了 $b 或者相反,而是 $a 和 $b 指向了同一个地方。
可以将一个变量通过引用传递给函数,这样该函数就可以修改其参数的值。语法如下:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
function foo(&$var) // 输出的是:6 |
PHP引用符&
关于php的引用(就是在变量或者函数、对象等前面加上&符号)的作用,我们先看下面这个程序。
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
程序运行结果: 100 |
很多人误解php中的引用跟C当中的指针一样,事实上并非如此,而且很大差别。C语言中的指针除了在数组传递过程中不用显式申明外,其他都需要使用*进行定义,而php中对于地址的指向(类似指针)功能不是由用户自己来实现的,是由Zend核心实现的,php中引用采用的是“写时拷贝”的原理,就是除非发生写操作,指向同一个地址的变量或者对象是不会被拷贝的。
php默认为传值传递:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
|
程序运行结果:
30 and 20
要是想变为地址传递需要加&,既:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
|
程序运行结果:
就是说,&把$a的地址传给了$b,这样的话这两个变量现在共享一个内存的存储区域,就是说它们的值是一样的。
同样的语法可以用在函数中,它返回引用,以及用在 new 运算符中:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
view sourceprint? 2 $bar =& new fooclass(); 3 $foo =& find_var($bar); 4 ?> |
引用做的第二件事是用引用传递变量。这是通过在函数内建立一个本地变量,并且该变量在呼叫范围内引用了同一个内容来实现的。说的通俗点就是一个函数的参数是一个本地变量的引用。下面再举例说明一下:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
function foo(&$val1, $val2) { |
运行这段代码是给函数传递两个参数,一个是引用$a的内容,一个是$b的值,在执行此函数后,发现$a的内容改变了,而$b的内容则没有变化。
PHP引用以及误区
PHP中的引用可以理解成变量的别名。由于PHP的变量名是存储在符号表(symbol table)中的,变量内容是存储在堆中,引用就是用符号表中的不同符号(symbol)名称来访问同一存储内容,和Unix文件系统中的hardlink是同一个概念,比如:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
$a = 1;
function foo(&$a) { $b = 1; |
返回引用
大多数情况下并不需要返回引用来提高性能,zend引擎会自己进行优化,但是如果你非得返回引用得话,可以按照以下方式来返回引用:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
class foo { public function &getValue() { // 需要一个"&" $obj = new foo; |
与指针的区别
引用与指针很像,但是其并不是指针,看如下的代码:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
$a = 0; $b = &a; echo $a; //0 unset($b); echo $a; //0 |
由于$b只是$a的别名,所以即使$b被释放了,$a没有任何影响,但是指针可不是这样的,看如下代码:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
#include printf("%in", a); //0 |
由于b是指向a的指针,所以释放了b的内存之后,再访问a就会出现错误,比较明显的说明了PHP引用与C指针的区别。
对象与引用
在PHP中使用对象的时候,大家总是被告知“对象是按照引用传递的”,其实这是个误区。PHP的对象变量存储的是此对象的一个标示符,在传递对象的时候,其实传递的就是这个标示符,而并不是引用,看如下代码:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
$a = new A; /* $c = new B; /* echo "object a: "; var_dump($a); //["testB"]=> string(15) "Changed Class B" |
如果对象是按照引用传递的,那么$a, $b, $c输出的内容应该一样,事实上结果并非如此。 看下面通过引用传递对象的列子:
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
$aa = new A; /* $cc = new B; /* echo "object aa: "; var_dump($aa); //["testB"]=>string(15) "Changed Class B" |
此时$aa,$bb,$cc三者内容完全一样,所以可以看出对象并不是按照引用传递,要尽快走出这个误区。

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