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PHP学习笔记之数组值及数组遍历和排序

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:17 AM
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本文章来给大家介绍一篇简单的php入门实例,这里主要是讲述了php数组值的操作及函数以及数组遍历与数组排序的实例,各位同学可进入参考。

数组值的操作

1. 值的析取
PHP中,用list来析取数组中的值,如list($a, $b) = $array。如果list中的值多于数组个数,list中多余的值会设为NULL。也可以用逗号来跳过数组中的值,如list($a, ,$b) = $array。

2.划分数组
如果想取得子数组,可以用array_slice(array, offset, length);来取得。它返回一个新的下标从0开始的数组。如果原数组的下标是字符串,好像是没有什么意义的,最好不要用,可以用array_splice来取得子串。

3.将数组分为多个数组
用array_chunk可以把数组分成一个二维数组。详细的可以通过链接看官方的说明。

4.键和值
array_keys($array),取得由数组索引组成的数组
array_value($array),取得由数组值组成的数组,索引从0开始重新分配。
array_key_exists($key, array),元素是否存在检查。
array_splice, 删除插入元素。

5.数组和变量之间的转换
extract(array) 把数组变成变量
compact() 把变量变成数组

6.数组的查找
in_array(array, ) 返回元素是否在数组中存在。
array_search() 返回被找到元素的索引。

7.整个数组函数
array_ sum() 计算数组的和。
array_ merge() 合并两个数组。
array_ diff() 两个数组之间的不同值。
array_ filter() 过滤元素

8.集合、堆栈、队列
array_ unique() 取两个数组的合集,如果值相同,保留前一个数组的索引。
array_ intersect() 取两个数级的交集,保留第一个数组的索引。
array_ push() 加入堆栈。
array_ pop() 弹出堆栈。
array_ shift() 加入队列。
array_ unshift() 弹出队列。


1.简单的遍历
PHP中,数组最简单的遍历方法莫过于for和foreach了。其中foreach有两种写法,一种只遍历值、另一种遍历索引和值。具体可以看如下代码。

 代码如下 复制代码
$test01 = array('a', 'b', 'c');
// for
for ($i = 0; $i < count($test01); $i++) {
echo $test01[$i];
}
// foreach value only
foreach ($test01 as $value) {
echo $value;
}
// foreach key and value
$test01 = array('a' => 'aaaa', 'b' => 'bbbb', 'c' => 'cccc');
foreach ($test01 as $key => $value) {
    echo "$key => $value";
}

2.迭代器遍历
PHP中,迭代遍历主要要用到以下函数。
current() 迭代的当前元素。
reset() 重新移动到第一个元素并返回它。
next() 移动到下一个元素并返回它。
prev() 移动到上一个元素并返回它。
end() 移动到最后一个元素并返回它。
each() 以数组的形式返回当前元素的索引和值,并移动到下一个迭代。
key() 返回当前的索引。
array_ walk() 为每一个元素调用函数。
array_ reduce() 为每一个元素依次计算。

 代码如下 复制代码


$test01 = array('a' => 'aaaa', 'b' => 'bbbb', 'c' => 'cccc');
while (list($key, $value) = each($test01)) {
    echo "$key => $value" . "n";
}
array_walk($test01, walk_test);
function walk_test($key, $value) {
    echo "walk: $key => $value" . "n";
}

$test02 = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
echo array_reduce($test02, reduce_test);
function reduce_test($run_result, $current_value) {
    return $run_result + $current_value * $current_value;
}


3.数组的排序


在PHP中,排序方式有三种,通过索引排序、通过值排序(不保留原索引)、通过值排序(保留原索引)。每种又分为升序、降序以及用户定义顺序三个函数。它们分别如下:
通过索引排序:①升序 ksort() ②降序 krsort() ③用户定义顺序 uksort()
不保留原索引值排序:①升序 sort() ②降序 rsort() ③用户定义顺序 usort()
保留原索引值排序:①升序 asort() ②降序 arsort() ③用户定义顺序 uasort()
在PHP中,也可以用array_multisort来一次排序多个数组,不过项目中可能用得比较少。
翻转数组,把数字索引翻转,索引重新从0开始:array_reverse()
把索引和值调换:array_flip()
随机顺序:shuffle()

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