How to perform error handling and logging in C++ class design?

Error handling and logging in C++ class design include: Exception handling: Capture and handle exceptions, and use custom exception classes to provide specific error information. Error code: Use an integer or enumeration to represent the error condition and return it in the return value. Assertion: Verify pre- and post-conditions, and throw an exception if they are not met. C++ library logging: Basic logging using std::cerr and std::clog. External logging libraries: Integrate third-party libraries for advanced features such as level filtering and log file rotation. Custom log class: Create your own log class, abstract the underlying mechanism, and provide a common interface to record different levels of information.

Error handling and logging in C++ class design

In C++ programming, robust error handling and logging mechanism Essential for building stable and reliable applications. This article explores how to implement effective error handling and logging in class design.

Error handling

• Exception handling: Use the try-catch statement to catch exceptions and take action based on the exception type appropriate measures. Customize the exception class by inheriting the exception class to provide specific error information.
• Error codes: Use integers or enumeration values ​​to represent error codes, and return these codes in the return values ​​of functions and methods to indicate error conditions.
• Assertion: Use the assert() macro to verify pre- and post-conditions in your code and throw an exception if the condition does not hold.

Logging

• C++ library log: Using std::cerr and std::clog Stream for basic logging.
• External logging libraries: Integrate third-party libraries such as Boost.Log and glog for more advanced logging features such as level filtering and log file rotation.
• Custom log class: Create your own log class to abstract the underlying logging mechanism and provide a common interface to record different levels of information (such as debugging, information, warning, error) .

Practical Case

Consider a reader-writer problem in which a reader thread and a writer thread concurrently access a shared data structure. The following example shows how to use exception handling and logging to handle potential concurrency issues:

class DataStructure {
public:
    void read() {
        try {
            // 读操作
        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
            log_error(e);
        }
    }

    void write() {
        try {
            // 写操作
        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
            log_error(e);
        }
    }

private:
    void log_error(const std::exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "错误信息: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
};

By catching exceptions on read and write operations, we ensure that concurrency issues do not crash the application, but instead Log as an error and continue execution.

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