How to deal with high concurrency scenarios in Golang technical performance optimization?

Golang high concurrency performance optimization tips: Synchronization and mutual exclusion: Use mutex (Mutex) and wait group (WaitGroup) to synchronize shared resources to ensure the safety of concurrent access. Channel: Use unbuffered channels to efficiently transfer data between goroutines and avoid shared memory problems. Goroutine pool: Reuse existing goroutines to reduce the impact of intensive creation and destruction overhead on performance.

Golang technical performance optimization: cleverly deal with high concurrency scenarios

In Golang applications, high concurrency scenarios usually bring performance Bottlenecks, handling them properly is crucial. This article will explore practical tips for optimizing the performance of high-concurrency scenarios in the Golang technology stack.

Synchronization and mutual exclusion

In concurrent scenarios, the synchronization mechanism is crucial. Proper use of the concurrency primitives in Go's sync package (for example, Mutex and WaitGroup) can ensure safe and ordered access to shared resources.

Practical case:

var count int
var lock sync.Mutex

func increment() {
  lock.Lock()
  count++
  lock.Unlock()
}

func decrement() {
  lock.Lock()
  count--
  lock.Unlock()
}

func main() {
  for i := 0; i < 100000; i++ {
    go increment()
    go decrement()
  }
  fmt.Println("The final count is", count) // 输出：0
}

The above code uses a mutex lock to ensure resource security under concurrent operations (count).

Channel

Pipeline is a powerful communication mechanism that can efficiently coordinate concurrent operations. They allow data to be safely passed between goroutines, thus avoiding potential problems with shared memory.

Practical case:

package main

import (
  "fmt"
  "sync"
)

func main() {
  var wg sync.WaitGroup
  wg.Add(2)

  ch := make(chan int) // 创建一个无缓冲通道

  go func() {
    defer wg.Done()
    ch <- 1 // 将数据发送到通道
  }()

  go func() {
    defer wg.Done()
    data := <-ch // 从通道中接收数据
    fmt.Println("Received data:", data)
  }()

  wg.Wait()
}

This code uses channels to synchronize two goroutines to ensure reliable transmission of data.

Goroutine Pool

Creating and destroying goroutines will bring additional overhead, and intensive creation of goroutines may affect performance. The goroutine pool can reuse existing goroutines, thereby reducing creation and destruction overhead.

Practical case:

func main() {
  // 创建一个 goroutine 池，包含 10 个 goroutine
  pool := sync.Pool{
    New: func() interface{} {
      return new(MyGoroutine)
    },
  }

  // 从 goroutine 池中获取 goroutine
  goroutine := pool.Get().(*MyGoroutine)

  // 使用 goroutine 执行任务

  // 将 goroutine 归还到池中
  pool.Put(goroutine)
}

type MyGoroutine struct {
  // ... Goroutine 的代码和状态
}

By using the goroutine pool, the creation and destruction overhead of goroutine can be reduced and performance improved.

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