How to define methods for custom types in Golang?

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Release: 2024-06-03 11:08:57
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In Go, you can define methods for custom types, that is, method receivers. Simply define the receiver type, method name, and parameters to add behavior for a specific type.

如何在 Golang 中为自定义类型定义方法?

#How to define methods for custom types in Go?

In Go, you can add methods to custom types just like you add methods to built-in types. This is called a method receiver. By defining a receiver, you can add behavior specific to a custom type.

Define a receiver method

To define a receiver method, use the following syntax:

func ( receiverType ) methodName( arguments ) returnType
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Where:

  • receiverType is the custom type that defines the method.
  • methodName is the name of the method.
  • arguments are the parameters of the method (optional).
  • returnType is the return value type of the method (optional).

Practical case

The following example shows how to define a FullName method for the Person custom type:

type Person struct {
    firstName  string
    lastName   string
}

// 定义接收器方法
func (p Person) FullName() string {
    return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", p.firstName, p.lastName)
}

func main() {
    person := Person{firstName: "John", lastName: "Doe"}
    fmt.Println(person.FullName()) // 输出:"John Doe"
}
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Other notes

  • The receiver type must be a custom type (structure, interface, alias, etc.).
  • There must be a space between the method name and the receiver type.
  • The receiver type can be a value type or a pointer type.
  • The receiver type must be the same as the type declared in the package to which the method belongs.

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