How to interact with JSON data using SQL in Golang?
在 Golang 中通过 SQL 与 JSON 数据交互共有以下步骤:使用 json.Unmarshal 函数将 JSON 数据解析为 Go 结构体,实现 JSON 到结构体的转换。使用 database/sql 包访问和操作 SQL 数据库,执行诸如插入、查询等操作。结合上述步骤,可以在 Go 中构建基于 SQL 和 JSON 的应用,实现用户注册和登录等功能。
如何在 Golang 中使用 SQL 与 JSON 数据交互
Golang 提供了强大的库和包,使使用 SQL 与 JSON 数据交互变得轻而易举。以下是如何在 Golang 中实现 SQL 与 JSON 交互:
使用 json.Unmarshal
json.Unmarshal 函数可将 JSON 数据解析为 Golang 结构体。例如:
type User struct { ID int64 `json:"id"` Name string `json:"name"` Email string `json:"email"` Created int64 `json:"created"` } var jsonString = `{ "id": 1, "name": "John Doe", "email": "john@example.com", "created": 1587398123 }` var user User err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonString), &user) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Error:", err) }
使用 database/sql
database/sql 包提供了访问和操作 SQL 数据库的功能。示例如下:
import ( "database/sql" "log" ) func main() { db, err := sql.Open("postgres", "user:password@host:port/dbname") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer db.Close() jsonValue := "{ \"name\": \"Joe\", \"age\": 30 }" // 从 JSON 中创建 SQL struct type User struct { Name string Age int } user := User{Name: "Joe", Age: 30} // 将 SQL struct 转换为 JSON userJSON, err := json.Marshal(user) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } // 使用 JSONB 类型插入 JSON 值 _, err = db.Exec("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES ($1, $2)", jsonValue, user.Age) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } // 查询 JSON 值 rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM users") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer rows.Close() for rows.Next() { var name string var age int var jsonString string if err := rows.Scan(&name, &age, &jsonString); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } println(name, age, jsonString) } }
实战案例:用户注册与登录
我们可以利用 Go 的 SQL 与 JSON 交互能力构建一个简单的用户注册和登录 API:
注册 API
func register(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { var user User if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user); err != nil { http.Error(w, "Invalid JSON", http.StatusBadRequest) return } // 将 JSON 转换为 SQL struct sqlUser := sqlx.Named("name", user.Name).Named("password", user.Password) // SQL 查询插入 query := `INSERT INTO users (name, password) VALUES (:name, :password)` if _, err := db.NamedExec(query, sqlUser); err != nil { http.Error(w, "Could not register user", http.StatusInternalServerError) return } fmt.Fprintf(w, "User registered successfully") }
登录 API
func login(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { var user User if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user); err != nil { http.Error(w, "Invalid JSON", http.StatusBadRequest) return } // SQL 查询 query := `SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = $1 AND password = $2` var result User if err := db.Get(&result, query, user.Name, user.Password); err != nil { http.Error(w, "Invalid user credentials", http.StatusUnauthorized) return } // 将 SQL struct 转换为 JWT 令牌 tokenString, err := createJWT(result) if err != nil { http.Error(w, "Could not create JWT", http.StatusInternalServerError) return } fmt.Fprintf(w, "User authenticated. Token: %s", tokenString) }
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