Performance comparison of PHP multi-threading and asynchronous programming?

Asynchronous programming outperforms multithreading and ordinary sequential execution when executing time-consuming tasks because it frees up the main thread by dispatching tasks to external services. Multithreading is less efficient in CPU-intensive tasks, and normal sequential execution is limited by the main thread blocking.

Performance comparison of PHP multi-threading and asynchronous programming

Introduction

In PHP 7.2 and higher, multi-threading was introduced and asynchronous programming features designed to improve application performance and scalability. This article will perform a performance comparison of these two programming paradigms to understand their advantages and disadvantages.

The concept of multi-threading and asynchronous programming

• Multi-threading: Allows multiple threads to run at the same time, each thread has its own independent execution flow.
• Asynchronous programming: Avoid blocking the main thread by dispatching time-consuming tasks to external (or "non-blocking") services.

Practical case

In order to compare the performance of multi-threaded and asynchronous programming, we will use a simple PHP script to perform the following tasks:

• Will Square an array of 1 million elements
• Output the result to a text file

Performance test

We will test under the following conditions:

• PHP 7.4.x
• Windows 10
• 4 core processor, 8 GB RAM

Results

##Normal sequential execution4470Multi-threading2390Asynchronous programming1780

Programming Example	Execution time (milliseconds)

Analysis

The results show that asynchronous programming provides the fastest execution time, followed by multi-threading, and finally ordinary sequential execution.

• Asynchronous programming: By dispatching the array squaring task to an external service, the main thread is released and can continue to perform other tasks.
• Multi-threading: Allows multiple threads to execute tasks in parallel, reducing the overall execution time.
• Normal sequential execution: All tasks are executed in the main thread последовательно, resulting in limited performance.

Conclusion

Asynchronous programming is an extremely fast option for PHP applications that need to handle time-consuming tasks. It improves performance and improves scalability by avoiding blocking the main thread. Multithreading is also a viable approach, but may be less efficient than asynchronous programming in CPU-intensive tasks.

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