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PHP+LINUX怎么实现定时服务

Jun 13, 2016 am 10:19 AM
cron crontab linux nbsp php

PHP+LINUX如何实现定时服务
用到LINUX上哪些工具?

------解决方案--------------------
如何用php作Linux自动执行脚本?

  综述

  Linux中crontab是实现定时执行的指令,利用这个指令我们就可以定时执行某一个php文件,从而实现用PHP做Linux自动执行脚本。
  如何用PHP作Linux自动执行脚本?

  在安装PHP的时候,会产生一个可执行文件,文件名为php ,一般在php的安装路径下的 /php/bin/php 这里。 。将它 copy 到 /usr/local/bin 下.在终端方式执行php程序:

    php -q onlinnum.php

  PHP 原本是应用在网页应用的﹐因此它会送出 HTML 的HEADER﹐但是在此我们是要将 PHP 用作 Shell Script﹐"-q" 就是表示不要送 出 HEADER 的意思.你可以试试看不加上 -q 的显示结果。此时你已经可以在终端方式下执行PHP 代码了。   linux命令:cron daemon

  这是一个系统中常驻的服务,功能在于执行例行性的工作,如每天一次或每月一 次检查磁盘。cron daemon 会在每分钟检查一次排定的工作表(crontab),看看是否有要执行的指令,所有的输出会以mail寄给用户。

  设置 crontab 
  命令:crontab -e

  该命令呼叫vi编辑器来编辑执行的清单。例如

  0 0 1,15 * * fsck /home 
  1 * * * * /home/myhome/printhello

  每一行代表一项排定的工作,在指令前为排定的时间,总共有5个栏位,以空格间隔,由左到右依序如下:

  -------------------------- 
  分钟 从00到 99 
  点钟 从0到 24 
  日 从01到31 
  月 从01到12 
  星期 从01到07,代表星期一到星期日 
  *号表示"每" ,如每天执行,就在第三栏填*号 
  --------------------------
  所以上例的两项工作是: 
  每月1号和15号检查/home 磁盘 
  每小时的第一分执行 /home/myhome/printhello 这个文件

  查看crontab:crontab -l 
  删除crontab:crontab -r

  我们就知道该怎么利用PHP和crontab命令作Linux自动执行脚本了。

  还需要注意什么问题?

  如果php中有使用数据库,如oracle等,执行脚本中还需export Oracle的环境设置。因为cron下的脚本执行的用户都是在没登陆状态下执行的,少了很多系统里设置的环境变量的值,在连接数据库的时候会出问题。

在命令行下也可以这样子

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php -q 路径/a.php 前面是php的安装路径, 后面是要执行的php的文件名和路径

 

 
------解决方案--------------------
1 楼

PHP是服务器端的脚本语言,如果想定时执行某些程序的话却没有很方便的办法。
在Linux服务器下的crontab可以稳定的做到定时执行PHP脚本。

crontab 是用来让使用者在固定时间或固定间隔执行程序之用
在linux平台上如果需要实现任务调度功能可以编写cron脚本来实现。
以某一频率执行任务
linux缺省会启动crond进程,crond进程不需要用户启动、关闭。
crond进程负责读取调度任务并执行,用户只需要将相应的调度脚本写入cron的调度配置文件中。
cron的调度文件有以下几个:

1. crontab
2. cron.d
3. cron.daily
4. cron.hourly
5. cron.monthly
6. cron.weekly

如果用的任务不是以hourly monthly weekly方式执行,则可以将相应的crontab写入到crontab 或cron.d目录中。
示例:
每隔一分钟执行一次脚本 /opt/bin/test-cron.sh
可以在cron.d新建脚本 echo-date.sh
内容为
*/1 * * * * root /opt/bin/test-cron.sh

执行PHP脚本

方法1
如果你想定时执行某一个PHP脚本 可以直接这样写:
*/1 * * * * root -q /bin/local/php /path/to/your/php/我爱豆丁.php (每一分钟执行一次我爱豆丁.php)
注意,这样写需要把PHP变成可执行的脚本文件。在命令行下,脚本所在目录
chmod +x 我爱豆丁.php

方法2
上面的方法有一个问题:当我爱豆丁脚本中有include文件时,脚本根本找不对PHP的路径,php将会在/bin/local/php目录下找文件,当然找不到。
所以,遇见这种情况,按照下面的方法做:
在终端上输入如下命令得到sh 和 lynx 程序的路径:
whereis sh
whereis lynx
or
which sh
which lynx
随便输入一个,其中便会返回你要的路径。如果你的系统里没有lynx,试试links,w3m,或者 links2,这些是其它的文本模型浏览器。这些浏览器将会运行你的脚本。
然后你需要创建一个sh文件,用它来调用php文件,通过lynx。假设你的服务器已经安装了lynx,sh路径为 /bin/sh,lynx路径为 /usr/local/bin/lynx
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/lynx -source http://www.yoursite.com/folder/我爱豆丁.php
注意感叹号
把这个脚本保存为cron-lynx.sh
保存到一个你找得到的地方,比如:

你可以把它放在网站根目录。
然后再创建一个我爱豆丁.php的文件。当cron运行的时候,将会通过lynx来调用它。这个文件可以通过浏览器来访问。

然后编辑主机的crontab,像下面这样。
*/1 * * * * root /bin/sh /usr/www/yourdirectory/sh_我爱豆丁s/cron-lynx.sh
在/bin/sh 和 /usr 间有空格。就这样就设好了,还有一点要注意的是,你的sh文件和php文件都正确无误。

例子1

在linux下定时执行PHP脚本
按正常的方式写PHP
$file = ‘/htdocs/www/b100/egspace/Bin/test/’.date(‘H’).’-’.date(‘i’).’-’.date(‘s’).’.txt’;
file_put_contents($file,date(‘Y-m-d’));
?>
把PHP文件属性改为shell文件:
chmod +x test.php
再编辑crontab:
crontab -e
加上一行:
*/1 * * * * /usr/local/bin/php -q /htdocs/www/b100/egspace/Bin/test.php

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