Security and synchronization mechanism of Golang functions in concurrent environment

Function safety: goroutine safety: safe to call in concurrent goroutine. Non-goroutine safe: accessing shared state or relying on a specific goroutine. Synchronization mechanism: Mutex: protects concurrent access to shared resources. RWMutex: Allows concurrent reading and only one write. Cond: Wait for specific conditions to be met. WaitGroup: Wait for a group of goroutines to complete. Practical case: Concurrency counter uses Mutex to protect shared state and ensure correctness under concurrency.

The security and synchronization mechanism of Go functions in a concurrent environment

Understand the safety of functions in a concurrent environment of Go stability and correct synchronization mechanisms are crucial. This article will explore these concepts and demonstrate them through a practical case.

Function safety

• goroutine safety: If a function can be safely called in concurrent goroutines, it is called goroutine safety of. This means it does not modify global variables or shared state, and it does not compete with other goroutines.
• Non-goroutine safe: A function is non-goroutine safe if it accesses or modifies shared state, or relies on a specific goroutine being running.

Synchronization mechanism

In order to ensure data consistency and avoid competition in a concurrent environment, a synchronization mechanism needs to be used. Go provides several built-in synchronization types:

• Mutex: Mutex, used to protect concurrent access to shared resources.
• RWMutex: Read and write mutex, allowing concurrent reading but only writing at one time.
• Cond: Condition variable, used to wait for specific conditions to be met.
• WaitGroup: Waiting group, used to wait for a group of goroutines to complete.

Practical case: Concurrency counter

Consider an example of a concurrency counter. It is a value stored in a goroutine safe variable that can be incremented in parallel. In order to ensure the correctness of the counter under concurrency, a synchronization mechanism needs to be used.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
    "sync/atomic"
)

var (
    cnt int64        // 原子计数器
    mu sync.Mutex   // 互斥锁
)

func main() {
    wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}

    // 并发增量计数器
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func() {
            mu.Lock()
            cnt++
            mu.Unlock()
            wg.Done()
        }()
    }

    wg.Wait()
    fmt.Println("最终计数：", cnt)
}

In this example, we declare the counter cnt as an atomic variable to ensure safe incrementation for concurrency. Use mutex mu to protect concurrent access to cnt to prevent race conditions.

Running this program will output:

最终计数： 10

This confirms that the counter is correctly incremented 10 times in parallel.

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