How to do performance testing in Golang unit tests?

How to perform performance testing in Golang unit testing: Use the Benchmark function in the testing package to define benchmark tests. Integrate the benchstat package for more advanced functionality, including statistical results and report generation. Use preallocated slices in your code to prevent memory allocation thrashing. Use the benchstat.Plot function to generate visual reports. To run the benchmark test, the command is: go test -bench=.

How to perform performance testing in Golang unit tests?

Introduction

When developing distributed systems, performance testing is crucial, it can help us evaluate the behavior of the system under high load and find bottlenecks. While there are many tools available for performance testing, it makes sense to integrate performance testing into our unit tests because it allows us to detect problems early in the development process.

This article will introduce how to use the testing and benchstat packages to perform performance testing in Go unit testing.

Using the testing package

testing is part of the Go standard library, which provides tools for writing unit tests Function. It allows us to use the Benchmark function to define benchmark tests, such as:

import (
    "testing"
)

func BenchmarkName(b *testing.B) {
    // 执行要测试的代码
    for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
        // ...
    }
}

testing.B type provides some functions for controlling the running of benchmark tests, such as:

• N: Specifies the number of repetitions for the benchmark to be run.
• StopTimer: Stop the benchmark timer.
• StartTimer: Start the benchmark timer.

Using the benchstat package

benchstat is a third-party package that provides more advanced performance Testing features such as counting benchmark results and generating reports. We can use this to generate more accurate results that are less prone to statistical bias.

To use benchstat, you need to install it:

go get github.com/uber/benchstat

Next, import it in the test file:

package main

import (
    "testing"
    "time"

    "github.com/uber/benchstat"
)

Practical case

Consider a simple function that converts a string to uppercase:

import "strings"

func ToUpper(s string) string {
    return strings.ToUpper(s)
}

We can benchmark it using testing and benchstat Test:

func BenchmarkToUpper(b *testing.B) {
    s := "hello world" // 或任何其他字符串

    // 预先分配切片，防止因分配内存而产生的抖动
    results := make([]int64, b.N)

    for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
        b.StartTimer()
        results[n] = len(ToUpper(s))
        b.StopTimer()
    }

    benchstat.Plot(b, "ToUpper", results, benchstat.DefaultPlotOptions...)
}

Here we pre-allocate the results slices to prevent thrashing due to memory allocation. We also used the benchstat.Plot function to generate a visual report of the benchmark results.

Running the Benchmark

To run the benchmark in the terminal, use the following command:

go test -bench=.

This will run all files with Benchmark prefixed function and generate a performance test report.

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