C++ template programming eliminates doubts: the compiler infers template parameters through type inference rules; the constexpr keyword handles constants that depend on template parameters; template specialization provides implementation for specific parameters; recursive templates use enable_if to assist type checking. Practical cases demonstrate its functions such as factorial calculation and quick sorting.
Doubts about C++ template programming are resolved one by one
Introduction
C++ template programming is a powerful tool that allows you to generate code at compile time, thereby improving efficiency and reusability. However, it also intimidates some developers. This article aims to eliminate doubts in C++ template programming and provide practical examples.
Common doubts
1. Type inference
2. Constants that depend on template parameters
3. Template Specialization
4. Recursive template
Practical case
1. Calculate factorial
template<int N> struct Factorial { static const int value = N * Factorial<N - 1>::value; }; template<> struct Factorial<0> { static const int value = 1; }; int main() { cout << Factorial<5>::value << endl; // 输出 120 return 0; }
2. Sorting algorithm
template<typename T> void quicksort(T* arr, int start, int end) { if (start >= end) { return; } int pivot = arr[end]; int partition = start - 1; for (int i = start; i < end; ++i) { if (arr[i] < pivot) { swap(arr[i], arr[++partition]); } } swap(arr[++partition], arr[end]); quicksort(arr, start, partition - 1); quicksort(arr, partition + 1, end); }
Conclusion
By understanding these common doubts and mastering practical cases, you can confidently use C++ template programming to unleash its powerful capabilities.
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