How to use C++ STL to achieve code readability and maintainability?

By using the C++ Standard Template Library (STL), we can improve the readability and maintainability of the code: 1. Use containers to replace primitive arrays to improve type safety and memory management; 2. Use algorithms to simplify complex tasks and improve Efficiency; 3. Use iterators to enhance traversal and simplify code; 4. Use smart pointers to improve memory management and reduce memory leaks and dangling pointers.

How to use C++ STL to improve code readability and maintainability

The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) provides a series of Useful containers, algorithms and tools, by leveraging these tools, we can greatly improve the readability and maintainability of our code.

1. Use containers to replace original arrays

STL provides various containers, such as vector, list and map, which can replace original C arrays, thus providing more Good type safety and memory management.

// 使用原始数组
int my_array[10];

// 使用 std::vector 容器
std::vector<int> my_vector(10);

2. Use algorithms to improve efficiency

STL contains a large number of algorithms, such as find, sort and transform, which can simplify complex tasks and improve code efficiency. .

// 通过遍历查找元素
for (auto it = my_array.begin(); it != my_array.end(); ++it) {
  if (*it == target) {
    // 找到目标元素
  }
}

// 使用 std::find 算法查找元素
auto it = std::find(my_vector.begin(), my_vector.end(), target);
if (it != my_vector.end()) {
  // 找到目标元素
}

3. Use iterators to enhance traversal

Iterators allow us to traverse different types of containers in a unified way, thus simplifying the code.

// 使用 C 风格的 for 循环遍历数组
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
  // 处理 my_array[i]
}

// 使用 std::vector 的迭代器遍历
for (auto it = my_vector.begin(); it != my_vector.end(); ++it) {
  // 处理 *it
}

4. Use smart pointers to improve memory management

STL provides smart pointers such as std::unique_ptr and std::shared_ptr, which can automatically manage objects. memory, thereby reducing the possibility of memory leaks and dangling pointers.

// 使用原指针管理内存
int* my_ptr = new int;

// 使用 std::unique_ptr 管理内存
std::unique_ptr<int> my_ptr(new int);

Practical Case: Student Performance Management

The following code example demonstrates how to use STL to build a student performance management system:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>

using namespace std;

class Student {
public:
  string name;
  vector<double> grades;
};

int main() {
  // 使用 vector 保存学生对象
  vector<Student> students;

  // 使用 map 保存学生姓名和平均成绩
  map<string, double> avg_grades;

  // 添加学生信息
  students.push_back({"Alice", {90, 85, 92}});
  students.push_back({"Bob", {75, 80, 82}});

  // 计算平均成绩
  for (const auto& student : students) {
    double sum = 0;
    for (const auto& grade : student.grades) {
      sum += grade;
    }
    avg_grades[student.name] = sum / student.grades.size();
  }

  // 打印学生姓名和平均成绩
  for (const auto& it : avg_grades) {
    cout << it.first << ": " << it.second << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

By using STL , this code example implements the student performance management function and has good readability and maintainability. It uses a vector container to save student objects, a map container to save student names and average grades, and uses algorithms and iterators to process data.

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