Uncovering C++ Template Programming

C++ Template programming is a technique for creating generic code using parameterized classes or functions, allowing processing of various data types and improving code maintainability and scalability. Define a template: Use the template keyword to specify template parameters to create a class or function that can be instantiated from different types. Use a template: Add the template keyword before the template name and specify the parameter type to create a specific instance of the template. Practical case: Use templates to perform binary search. By passing different types for template parameters, you can use this function on different types of sorted arrays.

Uncovering C++ Template Programming

C++ Template Programming is a powerful technique that allows you to write universal Code that can handle various data types. By using templates, you can create reusable components, making your code more maintainable and extensible.

What is a template?

A template is a parameterized class or function. This means you can create multiple instances of a template by providing different types for the template parameters. For example, the following code creates a template class Array that can store elements of any type.

template<typename T>
class Array {
public:
    Array(int size) : size(size), data(new T[size]) {}
    ~Array() { delete[] data; }

    T& operator[](int index) { return data[index]; }

private:
    int size;
    T* data;
};

How to use templates

To use templates, you need to precede the class or function name with the template keyword and specify the template parameters . For example, to create an array of integers, you can use the following code:

Array<int> intArray(10);

Practical Case: Binary Search

Let’s look at a practical case of binary search using templates . Binary search is an efficient search algorithm that works on sorted arrays.

template<typename T>
int binary_search(Array<T>& arr, T target) {
    int low = 0;
    int high = arr.size() - 1;

    while (low <= high) {
        int mid = (low + high) / 2;
        T guess = arr[mid];

        if (guess == target) {
            return mid;
        } else if (guess < target) {
            low = mid + 1;
        } else {
            high = mid - 1;
        }
    }

    return -1;
}

This function uses templates so it can handle any type of sorted array. To use this function on an array of integers you can use the following code:

Array<int> intArray = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
int result = binary_search(intArray, 5);

The above is the detailed content of Uncovering C++ Template Programming. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!