How to use C++ STL to extend the functionality of the C++ language?

C++ STL provides containers, algorithms and functions for C++, enhancing its functionality: Containers: Objects that store data, including sequential containers and associative containers. Algorithms: Functions that manipulate data, including sorting, searching, and other algorithms. Functions: Other useful functions such as math, character manipulation, and random functions.

How to use C++ STL to extend the functionality of the C++ language

The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) is a powerful library that provides a wide range of functions for the C++ language. Containers, algorithms and functions. It enables developers to write code in a clean and efficient manner.

Container

Container is an object that stores data. STL provides the following containers:

• Sequential containers: vector, list, deque
• Associative containers: map, set, unordered_map, unordered_set

Algorithm

Algorithm is a function that operates on data. STL provides the following algorithms:

• Sort algorithms: sort, stable_sort, partial_sort
• Search algorithms: find, binary_search, lower_bound, upper_bound
• Other algorithms: min, max, fill, copy

Functions

STL also provides many other useful functions, such as ：

• ##Mathematical functions: sqrt, pow, abs
• Character operation functions: isalpha, isdigit, toupper
• Random function: rand, srand

Practical case

Use vector to store a list of integers

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
  // 创建一个 vector
  std::vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

  // 打印 vector 中的元素
  for (auto n : numbers) {
    std::cout << n << " ";
  }
  std::cout << std::endl;

  // 使用 STL 函数对 vector 进行排序
  std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());

  // 打印排序后的 vector
  for (auto n : numbers) {
    std::cout << n << " ";
  }
  std::cout << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

Use map to store word count

#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main() {
  // 创建一个 map
  std::map<std::string, int> wordCounts;

  // 往 map 中添加元素
  wordCounts["hello"]++;
  wordCounts["world"]++;
  wordCounts["this"]++;

  // 打印 map 中的元素
  for (auto pair : wordCounts) {
    std::cout << pair.first << " appears " << pair.second << " times" << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

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