How does C++ exception handling enhance code robustness?

Exception handling is a mechanism for handling exceptions in C++, which can improve the robustness of the code: Throwing exceptions: Use throw to throw an exception object when an exception is detected. Catching exceptions: Use try-catch blocks to catch specific exception types. Passing exceptions: If the catch block cannot handle the exception, use throw to pass the exception. Through exception handling, code can achieve the following advantages: Fault tolerance: When an exception occurs, the code can continue to execute. Isolation: Error handling code is logically separated from normal code. Maintainability: Centralized exception handling makes it easy to identify and resolve errors.

C++ Exception Handling: A powerful tool to improve the robustness of your code

Exception handling is a mechanism in C++ that is used to Handle exceptions, which are triggered if something unexpected occurs (such as a file open failure, an array out of bounds, or a memory allocation error). With proper exception handling, we can write code that is robust and easy to understand.

Exception handling mechanism

To handle exceptions, there are three main steps:

1. throw (throw exception):When an exception is detected, use the throw keyword to throw an exception object.
2. try-catch (catch exception): Use a try block to contain code that may throw an exception, followed by one or more catch block catches specific exception types.
3. Passing exceptions: If the exception cannot be handled in the catch block, you can use throw to pass the exception to the calling function again.

Practical Case: File Processing

Consider the following example for reading a file and printing its contents to the console:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

void readFile(string filename) {
  ifstream file(filename);
  if (!file.is_open()) {
    throw runtime_error("无法打开文件： " + filename);
  }

  string line;
  while (getline(file, line)) {
    cout << line << endl;
  }
}

int main() {
  try {
    readFile("test.txt");
  } catch (runtime_error &e) {
    cout << "错误： " << e.what() << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

How to enhance the robustness of the code

Through exception handling, we can improve the robustness of the code:

• Fault tolerance: Code can continue executing even if an exception occurs.
• Isolation: Exception handling separates error handling code from normal code logic, making the code clearer and easier to understand.
• Maintainability: By centralizing exception handling, we make it easier to identify and resolve errors in our code.

Conclusion

Exception handling is a valuable tool in C++ for writing robust and fault-tolerant code. By understanding exception handling mechanisms and adopting good practices, we can improve the robustness of our code and maintain program stability when exceptions occur.

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