Golang framework source code implementation principle

The Go framework source code implementation principle is analyzed as follows: HTTP routing uses the prefix tree in the mux package to define routing rules between request methods, URI paths and handlers. Middleware is defined through a HandlerFunc, allowing custom logic such as authentication and logging to be performed before or after request processing.

Go framework source code implementation principle

Preface

This article will deeply explore the source code implementation principle of the Go framework to help you understand its internals Working Mechanism. Through practical cases, we will focus on the specific implementation of HTTP routing and middleware mechanisms.

HTTP routing

Source code analysis

The core component of HTTP routing in the Go framework is the mux package. It provides a flexible way to define routing rules, including request methods, URI paths, and handlers. The

package mux

type Router struct {
    trees map[string]*routeNode
    // 其他字段 ...
}

Router type maintains a trees field, which contains a prefix tree mapping, each prefix corresponding to a routeNode.

Practical case

import (
    "github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
)

// 定义一个基本的 Go 框架路由器
r := chi.NewRouter()
r.Get("/users", handler)

// 运行服务器，监听端口 8080
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", r)

In this case, the /users request will be routed to the request handler named handler.

Middleware

Source code analysis

Middleware in the Go framework allows you to execute some custom logic before or after processing the request. Typical middleware includes authentication, logging, and cross-origin resource sharing (CORS). The

package middleware

type HandlerFunc func(http.Handler) http.Handler

HandlerFunc type defines a middleware function that accepts an http.Handler and returns another http.Handler.

Practical Case

import (
    "github.com/go-chi/chi/v5/middleware"
)

// 创建一个名为 `MyMiddleware` 的中间件
func MyMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        // 在请求处理之前执行自定义逻辑
        w.Header().Set("X-Custom-Header", "value")
        next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
        // 在请求处理之后执行自定义逻辑
    })
}

// 将中间件添加到路由器
r.Use(middleware.MyMiddleware())

This middleware will set X-Custom-Header to "value" before each request.

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