How does C++ generic programming work with other programming paradigms?

C++ Generic programming allows code to handle different data types, improving flexibility. It can be combined with object-oriented programming (OOP) to create more general classes and functions, and functional programming (FP) to use generic functions as higher-order functions. By using generic programming, you can create reusable data structures, such as stacks, that can store any type of data.

The integration of C++ generic programming with other programming paradigms

Generic programming is a way of writing code that makes the code A wide range of data types can be used without modification. This makes the code more flexible and reusable.

Generic programming in C++ can be implemented using templates, which define common data types or algorithms that can operate on different data types.

Generic Programming vs. Object-Oriented Programming

Generic programming can be used in conjunction with object-oriented programming (OOP) to create more flexible and reusable classes and functions. For example, you can create a class with a generic parameter that specifies the type of data being stored, as follows:

template <typename T>
class List {
public:
    List() {}
    void add(T item) {
        // 将项目添加到列表
    }
    T get(int index) {
        // 从列表中获取项目
    }
};

This class can be used as a data list of any data type.

Generic Programming vs. Functional Programming

Generic programming can also be used in conjunction with Functional Programming (FP). Generic functions can be used as higher-order functions that operate on different data types, as shown below:

template <typename T>
T sum(vector<T> v) {
    T result = 0;
    for (T item : v) {
        result += item;
    }
    return result;
}

This function can sum a list of numbers of any type.

Practical case

The following is an example of using generic programming to implement a stack data structure:

template <typename T>
class Stack {
public:
    Stack() : top(nullptr) {}

    void push(const T& item) {
        Node<T>* newTop = new Node<T>(item);
        newTop->next = top;
        top = newTop;
    }

    T pop() {
        if (top == nullptr) {
            throw std::runtime_error("Stack is empty");
        }
        T item = top->data;
        Node<T>* oldTop = top;
        top = top->next;
        delete oldTop;
        return item;
    }

    bool empty() {
        return top == nullptr;
    }

private:
    struct Node {
        T data;
        Node<T>* next;

        Node(const T& item) : data(item), next(nullptr) {}
    };

    Node<T>* top;
};

int main() {
    Stack<int> intStack;
    intStack.push(1);
    intStack.push(2);
    intStack.push(3);

    while (!intStack.empty()) {
        cout << intStack.pop() << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

This stack can store any type of data , and it uses generic code to implement basic stack operations.

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