Golang framework extension interoperates with native code
Jun 05, 2024 pm 02:23 PMThe Go framework can interact with native code through CGO and SWIG: CGO allows direct calls to C functions, generating conversion wrappers between Go parameters and C types. SWIG generates wrapper code that interfaces C/C++ code with Go code, providing high-level abstraction and customization.
Go framework extensions interoperate with native code
In Go applications, we often need to interact with native code, For example, calling a C library or using system calls. Go provides two main mechanisms to achieve this: CGO and SWIG.
CGO
CGO allows calling C functions directly from Go code. It works by using the compiler to generate a wrapper that converts Go parameters to C types and calls C code.
import "C" func main() { C.puts(C.CString("Hello from Go!")) }
SWIG
SWIG (Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator) is a tool that generates wrapper code that automatically interfaces C/C++ code with Go code. SWIG provides a higher level of abstraction and customization than CGO, but it requires additional setup.
swig -go -c++ mymodule.i go build -ldflags=-extldflags="-static"
Practical case
Use CGO to call the C library to parse JSON
Suppose we have a file named The C library of libjson
, which provides the function of parsing JSON strings. We can use CGO to call this library:
package main /* #cgo LDFLAGS: -ljson #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void parse_json(const char* json_string); */ import "C" func main() { input := "{"foo":"bar"}" C.parse_json(C.CString(input)) }
Use SWIG to call C++ classes
Suppose we have a C++ class named MyClass
, which Has member functions that perform calculations. We can use SWIG to generate wrapper code:
// MyClass.h class MyClass { public: int compute(int a, int b); };
modules MyModule { interface MyClass { function compute(a, b); }; };
Then we can call MyClass
with Go code:
package main // #cgo CFLAGS: -I../cpp // #cgo LDFLAGS: -L../cpp -lMyModule // #include "MyModule_wrap.h" import "C" func main() { obj := MyClass_new() defer MyClass_delete(obj) result := int(C.MyClass_compute(obj, 10, 20)) println(result) }
By using CGO or SWIG, we can easily convert native The code integrates with Go applications, extending the functionality of the framework and interacting with the underlying system.
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