Home Backend Development Golang Golang framework extension interoperates with native code

Golang framework extension interoperates with native code

Jun 05, 2024 pm 02:23 PM
golang frame

The Go framework can interact with native code through CGO and SWIG: CGO allows direct calls to C functions, generating conversion wrappers between Go parameters and C types. SWIG generates wrapper code that interfaces C/C++ code with Go code, providing high-level abstraction and customization.

Golang framework extension interoperates with native code

Go framework extensions interoperate with native code

In Go applications, we often need to interact with native code, For example, calling a C library or using system calls. Go provides two main mechanisms to achieve this: CGO and SWIG.

CGO

CGO allows calling C functions directly from Go code. It works by using the compiler to generate a wrapper that converts Go parameters to C types and calls C code.

import "C"

func main() {
    C.puts(C.CString("Hello from Go!"))
}
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SWIG

SWIG (Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator) is a tool that generates wrapper code that automatically interfaces C/C++ code with Go code. SWIG provides a higher level of abstraction and customization than CGO, but it requires additional setup.

swig -go -c++ mymodule.i
go build -ldflags=-extldflags="-static"
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Practical case

Use CGO to call the C library to parse JSON

Suppose we have a file named The C library of libjson, which provides the function of parsing JSON strings. We can use CGO to call this library:

package main

/*
#cgo LDFLAGS: -ljson
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void parse_json(const char* json_string);
*/
import "C"

func main() {
    input := "{"foo":"bar"}"
    C.parse_json(C.CString(input))
}
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Use SWIG to call C++ classes

Suppose we have a C++ class named MyClass, which Has member functions that perform calculations. We can use SWIG to generate wrapper code:

// MyClass.h
class MyClass {
public:
    int compute(int a, int b);
};
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modules MyModule {
    interface MyClass {
        function compute(a, b);
    };
};
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Then we can call MyClass with Go code:

package main

// #cgo CFLAGS: -I../cpp
// #cgo LDFLAGS: -L../cpp -lMyModule
// #include "MyModule_wrap.h"
import "C"

func main() {
    obj := MyClass_new()
    defer MyClass_delete(obj)
    result := int(C.MyClass_compute(obj, 10, 20))
    println(result)
}
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By using CGO or SWIG, we can easily convert native The code integrates with Go applications, extending the functionality of the framework and interacting with the underlying system.

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