In-depth understanding of PHP object-oriented programming: code refactoring techniques for object-oriented programming

OOP is an important programming paradigm in PHP. It follows the principles of encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism to improve code modularity and reusability. Code refactoring techniques can improve OOP code quality, including: 1. Extract methods: extract duplicate codes into methods; 2. Introduce variables: store reused values ​​and avoid hard coding; 3. Use constants: store values ​​that do not change frequently. Refactoring techniques are applied to practical cases (online product purchase systems), such as extracting the logic for calculating the total order price as a method, introducing local variables to store product arrays, defining order status constants, etc., which significantly improves code readability and maintainability. .

In-depth understanding of object-oriented programming in PHP: Code refactoring skills for object-oriented programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is An important programming paradigm in PHP that follows the principles of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. By organizing data and methods into objects, OOP code can improve modularity, reusability, and maintainability.

Code Refactoring Techniques

The following are several effective refactoring techniques to improve OOP code quality:

Extraction method: Extract recurring or lengthy code segments into separate methods. This improves code readability and maintainability.

// Before refactoring
for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {
  echo $arr[$i] . '<br>';
}

// After refactoring
function printArray($arr) {
  for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {
    echo $arr[$i] . '<br>';
  }
}

Introduce variables: Store reused values ​​in variables to avoid hard coding.

// Before refactoring
$database_host = 'localhost';
$database_name = 'mydb';
$database_user = 'myuser';
$database_password = 'mypassword';

// After refactoring
$database_credentials = [
  'host' => 'localhost',
  'name' => 'mydb',
  'user' => 'myuser',
  'password' => 'mypassword',
];

Use constants: Store values ​​that don’t change frequently, such as database table names or file paths.

define('TABLE_NAME', 'users');

Practical case: Online product purchase system

To better understand these refactoring techniques, let us consider a simple online product purchase system:

class Product {
  private $name;
  private $price;

  public function __construct($name, $price) {
    $this->name = $name;
    $this->price = $price;
  }

  public function getName() {
    return $this->name;
  }

  public function getPrice() {
    return $this->price;
  }

  public function buyProduct() {
    // Logic to handle product purchase
  }
}

class Order {
  private $products = [];

  public function addProduct(Product $product) {
    $this->products[] = $product;
  }

  public function getTotalPrice() {
    // Logic to calculate total order price
  }

  public function placeOrder() {
    // Logic to handle order placement
  }
}

Use refactoring techniques:

• Extract method:Extract the logic of calculating the total order price into a separate method.
• Introducing variables: Store the product array in a local variable to avoid repeated calls in the getTotalPrice method $this->products .
• Use constants: Constants that define order status (such as "ordered", "shipped") to avoid using hard-coded strings.

These refactoring techniques can significantly improve the readability of your code, making it easier to understand and maintain. By adhering to OOP principles and applying these refactoring techniques, you can write robust and sustainable PHP code.

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