What are the common applications of C++ templates in actual development?

C++ templates are widely used in actual development, including container class templates, algorithm templates, generic function templates and metaprogramming templates. For example, a generic sorting algorithm can sort arrays of different types of data.

Common applications of C++ templates in actual development

Template is a powerful tool in C++, providing code reuse and type safety . In actual development, templates have a wide range of applications:

Container class

Templates are used to implement container classes, such as vectors, lists, and maps. These containers can store any type of data without writing a specific type of code.

template<typename T>
class Vector {
public:
    void push_back(T value);
    T& at(int index);
    int size();
};

Algorithms

Templates can be used to implement common algorithms such as sorting, searching, and finding. These algorithms can work on any type of data without requiring code modifications.

template<typename T>
void sort(T* array, int size);

Generic functions

Templates can be used to create generic functions that can operate on any type of data. For example, you can create a function to compare two elements of different types.

template<typename T>
bool compare(T a, T b);

Metaprogramming

Templates can be used to perform metaprogramming, where code is generated at compile time. This can be used to create highly flexible and versatile libraries for reflection and code generation.

template<typename T>
struct type_traits {
    static const bool is_integral = std::is_integral<T>::value;
};

Practical case: Generic sorting algorithm

Suppose we have an array containing different types of data:

int arr1[] = {1, 2, 3};
float arr2[] = {1.2, 3.4, 5.6};

We can use generic sorting The algorithm sorts them:

template<typename T>
void sort(T* array, int size) {
    for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {
            if (array[i] > array[j]) {
                std::swap(array[i], array[j]);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    sort(arr1, 3);
    sort(arr2, 3);
    
    // 输出排序后的数组
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        std::cout << arr1[i] << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        std::cout << arr2[i] << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

Output:

1 2 3 
1.2 3.4 5.6

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