How to speed up the execution of Golang unit tests?

In order to speed up Golang unit test execution, the following measures can be taken: 1. Perform parallel testing to run multiple tests at the same time; 2. Reuse test data to reduce the overhead of creating and initializing data; 3. Simulate dependencies through mocking Avoid unnecessary external calls; 4. Use benching to find the test that takes the longest execution time and optimize it.

#How to speed up the execution of Golang unit tests?

Although Golang's unit testing is powerful, its execution speed is slow, which affects development efficiency. This article will introduce several methods to speed up test execution and optimize the development process.

1. Parallel testing

Go supports parallel testing starting from 1.18, that is, running multiple tests at the same time. This is especially beneficial for large projects.

package main

import (
    "testing"
    "sync"
)

// TestParallel runs tests in parallel using the t.Parallel() function.
func TestParallel(t *testing.T) {
    // Create a channel to signal completion.
    done := make(chan struct{})
    defer close(done)

    // Create a wait group to track running tests.
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    // Start multiple test goroutines.
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func(i int) {
            defer wg.Done()

            t.Run("Test"+strconv.Itoa(i), func(t *testing.T) {
                // Your test code here
                time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
            })
        }(i)
    }

    // Wait for all tests to complete before returning.
    go func() {
        wg.Wait()
        close(done)
    }()

    <-done // Block until all tests have finished.
}

2. Reuse test data

Creating and reusing test data in advance can reduce test execution time.

package main

import (
    "testing"
    "sync"
)

var testData map[string]interface{}
var testDataLock sync.RWMutex

// TestDataSetup runs once before all tests and creates test data.
func TestDataSetup(t *testing.T) {
    testDataLock.Lock()
    defer testDataLock.Unlock()
    if testData == nil {
        // Create and initialize test data here.
    }
}

// TestExample runs a test using the shared test data.
func TestExample(t *testing.T) {
    TestDataSetup(t) // Ensure test data is available before each test.

    // Use testData in your test code.
}

3. mocking

Simulate external calls and eliminate bottlenecks by mocking dependencies.

package main

import (
    "testing"
)

type MyInterface interface {
    DoSomething()
}

type MockMyInterface struct {
    DoSomethingCalled bool
}

func (m *MockMyInterface) DoSomething() {
    m.DoSomethingCalled = true
}

// TestExample uses a mocked dependency to speed up testing.
func TestExample(t *testing.T) {
    mock := &MockMyInterface{}
    // Pass mock to your code under test.

    // Assertions using mock.DoSomethingCalled to verify behavior.
}

4. Benching

Use benching to find the tests that take the longest to execute and optimize them.

package main

import (
    "testing"
    "time"
)

func TestSlow(t *testing.T) {
    for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
        // Time-consuming operation.
    }
}

func TestFast(t *testing.T) {
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        // Fast operation.
    }
}

func TestBenchmark(t *testing.T) {
    for i := 0; i < benchmarkN; i++ {
        t.Run("TestSlow", func(t *testing.T) {
            b := testing.Benchmark(TestSlow)
            log.Println(b.N, b.NsPerOp())
        })

        t.Run("TestFast", func(t *testing.T) {
            b := testing.Benchmark(TestFast)
            log.Println(b.N, b.NsPerOp())
        })
    }
}

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