How to implement generic classes in C++?

Implementing generic classes in C++: using templates, specifying placeholders for types. Create an instance of a generic class, specifying type parameters. Generic classes allow the same code to be used for different data types. Practical application: Use the generic StudentArray class to store and process different types of data, such as student names.

How to implement generic classes in C++

Generic classes allow you to create code that can use different type of data. Here's how to implement a generic class in C++:

#include <iostream>

template <typename T>
class GenericClass {
public:
    GenericClass(T value) : val(value) {}
    void print() {
        std::cout << "Value: " << val << std::endl;
    }
private:
    T val;
};

In this example, GenericClass is a generic class and T is a placeholder for the type. You can create an instance of a generic class by specifying type parameters. For example:

GenericClass<int> intClass(10);
GenericClass<std::string> strClass("Hello");

intClass.print();  // 输出：“Value：10”
strClass.print();  // 输出：“Value：Hello”

Practical case:

Consider an array containing student names. We can use generic classes to store and process different types of data, for example:

template <typename T>
class StudentArray {
public:
    StudentArray(size_t size) : arr(new T[size]) {}
    void add(T name, int index) {
        arr[index] = name;
    }
    void print() {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); ++i) {
            std::cout << "Student " << (i + 1) << ": " << arr[i] << std::endl;
        }
    }
    size_t size() {
        return size_;
    }
private:
    T* arr;
    size_t size_;
};

int main() {
    StudentArray<std::string> names(5);

    names.add("John", 0);
    names.add("Jane", 1);
    names.add("Peter", 2);
    names.add("Susan", 3);
    names.add("Thomas", 4);

    names.print();
}

This code creates a generic array containing 5 strings. It has the ability to add and print student names.

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