When a car breaks down, it is crucial to diagnose and troubleshoot the problem promptly and accurately. This guide will introduce you to various common car faults and their corresponding diagnosis and troubleshooting methods. From engine troubles to electrical problems, this article will provide step-by-step guidance to help you solve common car problems. By following these steps, you can identify and resolve faults yourself, save time and effort, and travel safely.
Common fault one: What is the reason for excessive gasoline consumption? 1. Mechanical factors: Automobile failure leads to a decrease in efficiency. Please return to the factory for inspection to ensure that there is no fault. The car engine is worn and old: overhaul the engine. 2. Insufficient tire pressure: Please always pay attention to the condition of the tires and maintain tire pressure, which will not only save fuel but also extend the service life. Brake seizure: You can do a slow-speed neutral coasting test yourself to make sure the brakes do not have this problem. 3. Human operating factors: Warm the car for too long: At most 30 seconds after starting, make sure all warning lights are off before you can hit the road. Violent driving: Pressing the accelerator to accelerate and brake suddenly, or driving to extreme speeds, not only consumes fuel, but also accelerates mechanical wear, so it should be avoided as much as possible. Sleeping with the air conditioner on or waiting for someone for a long time without turning off the engine will not only consume fuel, but also cause the engine to easily accumulate carbon. Use unnecessary electrical appliances for a long time, such as defogger lines, reinforced fog lights, etc., because there is no such thing as a free lunch, and electricity consumption will also be passed on to gasoline consumption. Air conditioning refrigeration efficiency decreases 4. Traffic factors: Short-distance use: The engine may not be heated to normal operating temperature before reaching the destination. Due to the low cooling efficiency, most of the fuel is consumed to heat the engine and cooling water, and fuel consumption is inevitable. , This kind of car usage will also cause carbon deposits in the engine. Urban driving: Due to traffic jams and traffic lights, urban driving consumes fuel even several times more than highway driving. 5. Other factors: Placing too much debris on the car will also lead to increased fuel consumption in the long run. Common fault 2: What causes black smoke from the exhaust pipe? What causes white smoke? What causes blue smoke? 1. Black smoke coming from the exhaust pipe: It means that the engine mixture is too rich, resulting in insufficient combustion. When the air filter is too dirty, the spark plug is defective, the ignition coil is faulty, etc., it will cause the engine to emit black smoke. 2. White smoke coming from the exhaust pipe: It means that the injector has poor atomization or oil dripping, causing part of the gasoline to not burn; there is water in the gasoline; there are invisible cracks in the cylinder head and cylinder liner, and the cylinder gasket is damaged, causing water to enter the cylinder. ;The machine temperature is too low. It can be solved by the following methods: clean or replace the injector, adjust the injection pressure; remove the moisture in the fuel tank and oil circuit; do not buy low-priced and inferior oil; replace the cylinder gasket, cylinder liner, and cylinder head. 3. Blue exhaust pipe Smoke: It means that the oil enters the combustion chamber to participate in combustion, the piston ring and the cylinder liner are not completely run-in, and the oil enters through the gap; the piston ring is bonded in the groove, the cone surface of the piston ring is installed backwards, and the oil scraping effect is lost; the piston ring is excessively worn , the engine oil flows into the combustion chamber from the opening gap; the oil level in the oil pan is too high; the valve and pipe are worn, and the gap is too large. It can be solved by the following methods: New cars or overhauled locomotives must run in the engine according to regulations so that all parts can mesh normally; read the assembly marks clearly and install the piston rings correctly; replace the piston rings with qualified or enlarged sizes; check the oil bottom The reason why the shell oil level rises is to drain the excess oil from the oil pan; reduce the oil in the filter oil pan; and replace the valve guide. Common fault three: Why does the power steering become heavy? 1. Insufficient tire pressure, especially in the front wheels, will make steering difficult. 2. The power steering fluid is insufficient and power steering fluid needs to be added. 3. The front wheel alignment is inaccurate and a four-wheel alignment test is required. 4. The steering gear or steering ball joint is seriously worn and needs to be repaired or replaced. Common fault four: How to judge and repair the increased fuel consumption of the vehicle? If you feel that your vehicle's fuel consumption has increased, you should first go to a maintenance center to monitor the electronic engine data and detect the vehicle's exhaust gas, and make a diagnosis according to the following ideas: 1) Tire inflation pressure: If the tire is deficient, it will cause increased driving resistance. This will lead to an increase in fuel consumption; on the contrary, if the tire pressure is appropriately increased within the specified value of the tire pressure, it will be beneficial to reduce fuel consumption. 2) Tire pattern: Tires with different types of patterns have different fuel consumption rates. Choosing tires with zigzag patterns can help save fuel. 3) Four-wheel alignment: Always keep the wheel alignment value correct to ensure lower fuel consumption. 4) Driving environment: The lower the idle and low gear time occupied by the vehicle during the entire driving cycle, the more conducive to reducing fuel consumption. Therefore, fuel consumption remains high on congested roads in urban areas. 5) Road conditions: The greater the road resistance, the more uphill and downhill road conditions, the higher the fuel consumption rate. So try to drive on paved, flat roads. 6) Vehicle load: Try to reduce unnecessary items in the car and trunk to help reduce fuel consumption. 7) Smooth acceleration: The instantaneous fuel consumption rate during rapid acceleration is half higher than that during smooth acceleration, so we should try to avoid rapid acceleration and emergency braking. 8) Moderate vehicle speed: Make sure the economic speed is clear. If the vehicle speed is too high or too low, the fuel economy of the vehicle will deteriorate. 9). Engine technical condition: If the engine's technical condition is poor, the engine power will decrease, resulting in a large amount of fuel waste. 10) Automatic transmission: Make sure the automatic transmission shifts normally. 11) Transmission system: Regularly check whether the rotation resistance of the drive shaft, differential, half shaft, wheel bearing and other components is normal.12) Braking system: Check to ensure that there is no drag in the braking system. 13) Viscosity of gear oil: In an environment with relatively low temperatures, replacing the gear oil in manual transmissions and differentials with lower viscosity grades will help save fuel. 14) Wind resistance coefficient: If the appearance of the vehicle is damaged, the window will be opened, or due to improper modifications or other factors that may become larger. Common fault five: How to judge and repair wiper and glass washer faults? 1. Common faults of wipers include: 1) Not working at all. 2). There is no interval or the interval time is wrong. 3), no low speed gear. 4), no high gear. 5). The wiper cannot return automatically after turning off the switch. Maintenance tips: For this type of conventional electrical system failure, you should first check the system power circuit. Most of these failures are caused by blown fuses or poor grounding points. 2. Common faults of glass cleaners include: 1) Not working at all. No cleaning fluid or motor damage. 2). The amount of cleaning fluid sprayed is insufficient. There is a blockage in the pipe. The water outlet of the nozzle is blocked by dust and soil. You can use pins and other items to clear it. 3) The cleaning fluid is sprayed in the wrong direction. Adjust the correct injection angle. Common fault 6: Why are the brakes soft? Brakes are a key part of safe driving, and every driver should pay special attention to them. Before each drive, you can test the working status of the brake pedal. The brake pedal will be very hard before the engine is started. After the engine is started normally, the brake pedal will sink slightly, which is normal. Sometimes when we step on the pedal, we feel that the brakes are soft, the braking distance is significantly longer, and the brakes are weak. This situation must be taken seriously. Generally, the reasons are as follows: mixed use of different brands of brake fluids, resulting in a decrease in braking efficiency; continued use of brake fluid beyond the replacement period specified by the manufacturer causes deterioration of the brake fluid and a decrease in boiling point. Brake fluid contains gas. The rubber on the outside of the brake hose is damaged or bulged, causing pressure relief. Oil leakage from the brake master cylinder and wheel cylinder, poor sealing, etc. In addition, check whether the brake pads are original products. Common fault 7: What should I do if the water temperature is too high while driving? The handling methods when the coolant boils (boils the pot) while driving are as follows: 1) Stop the car in a safe place immediately. 2) Turn off the air conditioning system, open the engine hood, and let the engine idle. (During this process, be careful not to try to open the coolant filler cap. Once the filler cap is opened when the coolant is boiling, the liquid in the cooling system will spurt out, causing personal injury.) 3) Inspection Is the radiator fan running normally? If not. Please contact your dealer. 4) After the water temperature gauge pointer drops, turn off the engine. 5) After the engine has cooled down, open the water tank cover and check the coolant level. 6) If there is a lack of fluid, it should be replenished. 7) If the water temperature gauge pointer has no downward trend, shut down the engine immediately. Contact the dealer. Recommendation: When the coolant boiling failure occurs, it is recommended to contact the dealer for guidance. It is best not to handle it without authorization. Common faults 8: How to deal with emergencies when the battery is out of power? Insufficient battery power is manifested in the following situations: 1) The starter does not rotate or rotates weakly, and the engine cannot be started. 2). The headlights are darker than usual. 3) The speaker volume is low or does not sound. If you encounter the above problems, you can use the following emergency methods: 1) Connect the jumper cable. Connect the jumper cable in the following order: 1. Connect the positive terminal of the dead battery to the positive terminal of the rescue vehicle battery. ② Connect the negative terminal of the rescue vehicle battery to the negative terminal of the battery of the dead car or the metal part in the engine room (ground wire). 2) Emergency charging and starting the engine Start the engine of the rescue vehicle and slightly increase the engine speed. After about 5 minutes, you can emergency charge the dead battery. 3) The order of removing the jumper cable is reverse to that of connecting the jumper cable.
Determine whether the motor is broken; first press the horn to see if there is power. If the key cannot be used to start the ignition, turn the key to the drive position; if it is 24 volts, use a conductor to connect the two motor suction switches. If it is 12 volts, unplug the motor switch connector and connect it to the suction switch terminal; if it does not spark, the motor is broken;
Computer It has become an indispensable tool in our daily lives. However, during use, we often encounter various computer problems. When our computer encounters a problem, how should we troubleshoot it? This article will provide some effective computer troubleshooting steps to help you solve computer problems quickly.
The first step is to check the computer’s hardware connection. Make sure all cables are plugged in, including power cords, monitor cables, USB devices, etc. If there is a broken connection, reinsert it and ensure a tight connection.
If the computer cannot start or there is obviously no power, you need to check whether the power supply is normal. First make sure the power outlet is powered, then make sure the power cord is securely connected. If the problem is still not resolved, the power supply itself may be faulty and it is recommended to try replacing the power supply.
If the computer cannot start normally, you can try to enter safe mode. During the startup process, press the F8 key (or other designated keys) to enter the boot menu and select safe mode to boot. Safe mode can help us troubleshoot problems caused by certain software or drivers.
If the computer starts normally but encounters software problems, we can consider checking the software updates and installation. Make sure that the operating system and related drivers are updated to the latest versions, and that installed software comes from trusted sources.
Sometimes computer problems can be caused by viruses or malware. Regularly conduct system scans with reliable anti-virus software and ensure that the virus database of the anti-virus software is up to date. If viruses or malware are found, remove them promptly.
If the problem persists, it may be caused by hardware failure. We can try to open the computer case and check whether the hardware components, such as memory modules, graphics cards, etc., are plugged in properly. If there is a problem, you can try replugging or replacing the hardware.
If none of the above steps can solve the problem, or you don’t know much about computer hardware and software, it is recommended to seek help from professional computer repair personnel. They have specialized equipment and technology to solve various computer problems.
I hope that through the content of this article, you can learn some basic computer troubleshooting steps to help you quickly solve computer problems. Thank you for reading!
The reasons and solutions for the refrigerator not having power are as follows:
Causes:
1. The power plug is loose, plug it in again.
2. If the power socket is faulty, replace it with a new one.
3. The compressor fuse is faulty, replace it with a new one.
4. Compressor failure, add or replace lubricating oil.
Solution:
1. The power plug is loose. Check the power plug of the refrigerator. If it is loose, just plug it in again.
2. If the power socket is faulty, you can connect other electrical appliances to the socket to check whether the socket is faulty. If the socket is faulty, contact an electrician to repair and replace the socket.
3. The compressor fuse is faulty. If the fuse is blown due to a short circuit, we need to buy a new fuse to replace it.
4. Compressor failure. Due to lack of lubricating oil in the compressor or clogging of the lubricating oil, the refrigerator will not be powered on. At this time, new lubricating oil needs to be added or replaced.
Answer: The five common faults of the hydraulic torque converter mainly include: excessive oil temperature, too low oil supply pressure, oil leakage, machine driving speed is too low or weak, and abnormal internal noises during operation. The details are as follows: :
1. The oil temperature is too high
If the oil temperature is too high, it means that the oil temperature gauge exceeds 120°C when the machine is working or it feels soupy when touched by hand. The main reasons are as follows: the transmission oil level is too low; the water level in the cooling system is too low; the oil pipe and cooler are clogged Or it is too dirty; the torque converter works in the low efficiency range for too long; the fastening screws of the working wheel are loose; the bearing fit is loose or damaged; the integrated hydraulic torque converter is locked due to the free wheel being stuck; the guide wheel assembly The free wheel mechanism is missing parts. The diagnosis and troubleshooting methods for excessively high oil temperature in the torque converter are as follows: When the oil temperature is too high, you should first stop the vehicle immediately, let the engine run at idle speed, and check whether there is any leakage in the cooling system and whether the water tank is filled with water; if the cooling system If it is normal, you should check whether the transmission oil level is between the two marks on the dipstick. If the oil level is too low, the same brand of oil should be added; if the oil level is too high, the oil must be drained to the appropriate oil level. If the oil level meets the requirements, the machine should be adjusted so that the torque converter works within the high-efficiency area and try to avoid long-term operation in the low-efficiency area. If the oil temperature is still too high after adjusting the working conditions of the machine, check the temperature of the oil pipe and cooler. If the temperature is low when touched by hand, it means that the oil drain pipe or cooler is clogged or too dirty. You should remove the oil pipe and check if there is any The sediment is blocked. If there is any sediment, it should be removed, then install the joint and seal the drain pipe. If the cooler feels very hot when you touch it, drain a small amount of oil from the torque converter housing for inspection. If there is metal dust in the oil, it means that the bearing is loose or damaged, causing wear of the working wheel. It should be disassembled, the bearing should be replaced, and the fastening bolts of the pump wheel and pump hub should be checked to see if they are loose. If they are loose, they should be tightened. The above inspection items are all normal, but when the oil temperature is still high, you should check whether the guide wheel is working normally. Fully open the engine throttle to put the hydraulic torque converter in the zero-speed working condition. After the oil temperature at the outlet of the hydraulic torque converter rises to a certain value, switch the hydraulic torque converter to the hydraulic coupling working condition. Observe the degree of oil temperature drop. If the oil temperature drops very slowly, the guide wheel may be locked due to the freewheel being stuck, and the torque converter should be disassembled for inspection.
2. The oil supply pressure is too low
The phenomenon is: when the engine throttle is fully opened, the torque converter inlet oil pressure is still lower than the standard value. Mainly caused by the following reasons: low oil supply and oil level lower than the oil suction port level; oil pipe leakage or blockage; too much oil flowing to the transmission; oil inlet pipe or oil filter screen blocked; hydraulic pump severely worn or damaged; oil suction The filter is improperly installed; the oil foams; the inlet and outlet pressure valves cannot be closed or the spring stiffness is reduced.
If the oil supply pressure is too low, you should first check the oil level: if the oil level is lower than the minimum mark, add oil; if the oil level is normal, check whether there is any leakage in the inlet and outlet pipes. If there is oil leakage, remove the oil. be excluded. If the inlet and outlet pipes are well sealed, check the working condition of the inlet and outlet pressure valves. If the inlet and outlet pressure valves cannot be closed, they should be removed and the parts on them should be checked for cracks or scratches, and whether the oil lines and oil holes are in good condition. If the spring stiffness becomes smaller, the problem should be solved in time. If the pressure valve is normal, the oil pipe or filter should be removed for inspection. If there is a blockage, it should be cleaned and sediment removed; if the oil pipe is clear, the hydraulic pump needs to be checked and replaced if necessary. If the hydraulic oil foams, check the installation of the oil return pipe. If the oil level in the oil return pipe is lower than the oil level in the oil pool, reinstall the oil return pipe.
3. Torque converter oil leakage
Torque converter oil leakage is mainly caused by loose connecting bolts between the torque converter back cover and the pump impeller, and between the pump impeller and the wheel hub, or the seals are aged or damaged. If oil leakage is found, start the engine and check the oil leakage location. If oil leaks from the connection between the torque converter and the engine, it means that the connection bolts between the pump impeller and the pump wheel cover are loose or the sealing rings are aged. The connection bolts should be tightened or the O-rings should be replaced; if oil leaks from the connection between the torque converter and the transmission oil, indicating that the bolts connecting the pump impeller and the pump hub are loose or the sealing rings are damaged, the bolts should be tightened or the sealing rings should be checked; if the oil leakage is at the oil filler or drain port, the tightness of the bolt connections and whether there are cracks should be checked. .
4. The machine's driving speed is irregularly low or the driving is weak
This kind of failure is mainly caused by the following reasons: the internal seal of the hydraulic torque converter is damaged, which reduces the impact of the liquid flow in the working chamber; the free wheel mechanism is stuck dead, causing the guide wheel to lock; the free wheel wears and fails; the working wheel blades are damaged; the inlet and outlet pressure valves are damaged; the hydraulic pump is worn and the oil supply is insufficient; the hydraulic oil level is too low; the friction main clutch of the transmission is faulty.
After the machine is started in gear, if the driving is weak or slow, you should first check whether the indicated pressure of the gear pressure gauge is within the normal range. If the pressure is too low, it should be ruled out; if the pressure is normal, it may be due to wear and tear of the freewheel. Or the working wheel blade is damaged; it may also be that the transmission friction clutch is faulty, which should be specifically analyzed and eliminated.
5. There is abnormal noise when the torque converter is working
This kind of failure is mainly caused by the bearing or damage, loose connection of the working wheel or loose connection with the engine, etc. In this case, you should first check whether the connecting parts are loose, and then check each bearing. If there is any looseness, adjust or replace the bearing with a new one. In addition, the oil quantity and quality of the hydraulic oil should also be checked, and new oil should be added or replaced if necessary.
1.
Fahami mod dan jenis kegagalan Kegagalan ialah keadaan di mana peralatan atau komponen kehilangan fungsi yang ditentukan.
Mod kegagalan biasa termasuk kategori berikut:
Kegagalan yang berkaitan dengan sifat bahan bahagian mekanikal, termasuk keletihan, patah, retak, rayapan, ubah bentuk yang berlebihan, kemerosotan bahan, dsb.
Kerosakan yang berkaitan dengan keadaan kimia dan fizikal yang tidak normal, termasuk kakisan, kemerosotan gris, kemerosotan penebat, kemerosotan konduktif dan terma, penyejatan, dsb.
2.
Kaedah dan langkah diagnosis kerosakan
Prinsip suis kawalan kelajuan
Prinsip: Tukar kitaran tugas gelombang segi empat sama keluaran untuk melaraskan purata kuasa arus pada beban supaya berubah antara 0-100%, dan seterusnya menukar beban dan kecerahan cahaya/kelajuan motor . Gunakan modulasi lebar nadi (PWM) untuk mencapai peraturan peredupan dan kelajuan.
1. Apabila memeriksa suis kawalan kelajuan, periksa dahulu sama ada sambungan antara suis kawalan kelajuan dan setiap wayar adalah baik, dan kemudian periksa sama ada daya keanjalan spring set semula suis kawalan kelajuan telah gagal
2. Jika kelajuan suis kawalan dan wayar terputus atau Jika terdapat fenomena seperti pematerian yang lemah, anda boleh menggunakan besi pematerian untuk mematerikannya semula jika daya keanjalan spring pemulangan gagal, anda perlu menggantikan spring pemulangan dengan daya anjal yang sama . Untuk menggantikan spring balik yang baru, dan selepas penggantian selesai, pengikat mesti diperkukuh semula untuk mengelakkan spring daripada dibetulkan dengan lemah dan mudah jatuh selepas spring balik baru diganti.
3. Periksa sama ada tombol kawalan suis kawalan kelajuan haus Jika tombol kawalan haus, ganti sahaja. Kemudian buka suis kawalan kelajuan dan periksa sama ada rod kawalan dalaman dan serong telah rosak atau haus teruk. Kemudian periksa sama ada aci berputar rosak tuil menjadi cacat, ia hanya boleh diselaraskan semula.
4. Periksa semula sama ada bahagian suis kawalan kelajuan yang bergerak cacat dan sama ada bahagian stator haus teruk atau longgar. Jika bahagian yang bergerak itu cacat, ia boleh diperbetulkan dengan tang hidung jarum; jika stator longgar, ia perlu diperbaiki jika stator sangat haus, ia perlu diganti. Antaranya, suis kawalan kelajuan juga termasuk peranti anjal berputar Periksa sama ada daya anjal spring dalam peranti anjal berputar telah gagal atau retak.
Kaedah diagnostik utama termasuk penglihatan pertama, pendengaran kedua, sentuhan ketiga dan empat ujian. Melalui kaedah di atas, hanya fenomena abnormal yang boleh ditemui dan maklumat secara langsung boleh diperolehi. Untuk diagnosis akhir dan penyelesaian masalah, masih perlu menggunakan instrumen yang berkaitan untuk ujian dan pembaikan. Adalah disyorkan untuk pergi ke kedai 4S.
1.Pemeriksaan penampilan:
Apabila keabnormalan atau kerosakan ditemui pada peralatan, pemeriksaan penampilan hendaklah dijalankan terlebih dahulu. Periksa keretakan yang jelas, sambungan pateri terbakar atau cair. Pada masa yang sama, semak sama ada peranti itu senget, jatuh atau rosak.
2. Ujian kuasa hidup:
Ujian kuasa hidup ialah kaedah penyelesaian masalah PCB yang biasa dan berkesan. Uji papan dengan bekalan kuasa yang betul dengan menggunakan multimeter, osiloskop atau peralatan ujian lain. Pada masa ini, kita perlu menguji status kerja dan nilai komponen utama pada papan litar (seperti perintang, kapasitor, dan diod) untuk mengesan sama ada terdapat kerosakan.
3. Pengesanan talian:
Garisan pada PCB biasanya sangat kompleks Apabila berlaku kerosakan, kita perlu mencari lokasi kerosakan tertentu melalui pengesanan talian. Dengan mengkaji susun atur skematik dan PCB, kita boleh menentukan arah isyarat dan talian kuasa serta menggunakan alat seperti pengesan litar pintas atau penjana isyarat untuk mengesan sama ada sambungan talian itu baik.
4. Imej inframerah terma:
Menggunakan teknologi imej inframerah terma, perubahan suhu yang tidak normal pada PCB boleh didapati dengan sangat intuitif. Apabila peranti beroperasi secara tidak normal, ia mungkin menghasilkan suhu yang lebih tinggi atau lebih rendah. Dengan menggunakan kamera inframerah terma, kami boleh mengesan komponen yang rosak dengan cepat tanpa menyentuh papan litar.
5. Kaedah penggantian komponen:
Jika anda masih tidak dapat mencari punca kerosakan melalui kaedah di atas, anda boleh mempertimbangkan untuk menggantikan komponen utama. Gantikan komponen yang disyaki rosak dengan komponen yang berfungsi dan lihat jika ini menyelesaikan masalah. Kaedah ini sering digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang disebabkan oleh komponen yang rosak.
6. Kaedah ujian bersegmen:
Untuk PCB yang besar dan kompleks, papan litar boleh dibahagikan kepada beberapa bahagian untuk ujian untuk mengurangkan skop kerosakan secara beransur-ansur. Dengan terus menghapuskan bahagian yang berfungsi secara normal semasa proses ujian, skop kerosakan secara beransur-ansur disempitkan, dan lokasi khusus kerosakan akhirnya boleh ditemui.
Editor Xinfeng Huihe ingin mengingatkan anda bahawa apabila menyelesaikan masalah PCB, sila kendalikan dengan berhati-hati untuk mengelakkan kerosakan sekunder pada papan litar dan peranti persisian. Jika anda tidak mempunyai pengalaman atau kemahiran yang mencukupi, sila dapatkan sokongan teknikal profesional. Pada masa yang sama, beri perhatian kepada langkah keselamatan dan anti-statik untuk memastikan keselamatan diri anda dan peralatan anda.
Melalui kaedah penyelesaian masalah di atas, kita boleh mencari punca kegagalan PCB dengan lebih cepat dan membuat pembaikan dan penambahbaikan yang sepadan berdasarkan keputusan ujian. Melalui kaedah penyelesaian masalah yang munasabah, kami boleh memastikan operasi normal papan litar dan meningkatkan kebolehpercayaan dan kestabilan peralatan.
1. Beg udara tidak boleh mengembang
Analisis kesalahan dan punca:
1
2. Sistem saluran paip udara tidak normal
3 Injap ketinggian rosak atau tidak dipasang dengan betul
4.
Kaedah penyelesaian masalah:
1. Gantikan beg udara
2. Periksa dan baiki sistem saluran paip udara
3. . Benda asing yang keras menembusi beg udara
3. Pelarasan nilai H yang tidak betul 4 Beban yang teruk5 beg udara;
7 Udara brek Ruang bergesel dengan beg udara.
Cara penyelesaian masalah:
1 Gantikan bahagian yang rosak, periksa dan bersihkan beg udara dengan kerap
2 bahagian mengikut beban berkadar Bearing
5 Gantikan bahagian yang rosak, laraskan atau pasang semula suspensi
6 7. Gantikan beg udara, tukar kedudukan pemasangan ruang udara atau putar pengapit untuk meningkatkan jurang.
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