Organizing the Frontend project&#s components folder

Folder structure The components of a Frontend project are important. Because it makes developing and maintaining projects easier. Especially when dealing with large or complex components, organizing folders helps keep your code organized and easier to find and understand.

Here is the folder structure. components in various formats commonly used in projects developed using Next.js and TypeScript:

1. Atomic Design Structure

Atomic Design is a design concept that divides components according to their complexity and functionality. It is divided into 5 levels: Atoms, Molecules, Organisms, Templates, and Pages.

src/
└── components/
    ├── atoms/             # Small, reusable elements (e.g., buttons, inputs)
    │   ├── Button.tsx
    │   ├── Input.tsx
    │   ├── Icon.tsx
    │   └── ...            # Additional atoms
    │
    ├── molecules/         # Combinations of atoms (e.g., form groups)
    │   ├── FormInput.tsx
    │   ├── NavLink.tsx
    │   └── ...            # Additional molecules
    │
    ├── organisms/         # Complex UI components (e.g., headers, cards)
    │   ├── Header.tsx
    │   ├── Card.tsx
    │   ├── Footer.tsx
    │   └── ...            # Additional organisms
    │
    ├── templates/         # Page templates (layouts with placeholders)
    │   ├── MainLayout.tsx
    │   ├── DashboardLayout.tsx
    │   └── ...            # Additional templates
    │
    └── pages/             # Page-specific components (used directly in pages)
        ├── HomePage.tsx
        ├── AboutPage.tsx
        └── ...            # Additional page components

example:

Atoms: Button.tsx

import React from 'react';

interface ButtonProps {
  label: string;
  onClick: () => void;
  type?: 'button' | 'submit' | 'reset';
  disabled?: boolean;
}

const Button: React.FC<ButtonProps> = ({ label, onClick, type = 'button', disabled = false }) => (
  <button type={type} onClick={onClick} disabled={disabled} className="btn">
    {label}
  </button>
);

export default Button;

Molecules: FormInput.tsx

import React from 'react';
import Input from '../atoms/Input';
import Label from '../atoms/Label';

interface FormInputProps {
  label: string;
  value: string;
  onChange: (value: string) => void;
}

const FormInput: React.FC<FormInputProps> = ({ label, value, onChange }) => (
  <div className="form-input">
    <Label text={label} />
    <Input value={value} onChange={onChange} />
  </div>
);

export default FormInput;

Organisms: Header.tsx

import React from 'react';
import NavLink from '../molecules/NavLink';
import Logo from '../atoms/Logo';

const Header: React.FC = () => (
  <header className="header">
    <Logo />
    <nav>
      <NavLink href="/" label="Home" />
      <NavLink href="/about" label="About" />
      <NavLink href="/contact" label="Contact" />
    </nav>
  </header>
);

export default Header;

2. Feature-Based Structure

Structures that separate components by feature or module are popular in feature-rich projects. Helps manage and expand features efficiently

src/
└── components/
    ├── authentication/    # Components related to authentication
    │   ├── Login.tsx
    │   ├── Signup.tsx
    │   └── PasswordReset.tsx
    │
    ├── dashboard/         # Components specific to the dashboard
    │   ├── DashboardHeader.tsx
    │   ├── DashboardSidebar.tsx
    │   └── StatsCard.tsx
    │
    ├── userProfile/       # Components for user profile
    │   ├── ProfileHeader.tsx
    │   ├── EditProfileForm.tsx
    │   └── Avatar.tsx
    │
    ├── shared/            # Shared or common components across features
    │   ├── Button.tsx
    │   ├── Modal.tsx
    │   └── ...            # Additional shared components
    │
    └── layout/            # Layout components
        ├── Header.tsx
        ├── Footer.tsx
        └── Sidebar.tsx

example:

Authentication: Login.tsx

import React, { useState } from 'react';
import Button from '../shared/Button';
import FormInput from '../shared/FormInput';

const Login: React.FC = () => {
  const [email, setEmail] = useState('');
  const [password, setPassword] = useState('');

  const handleLogin = () => {
    // Logic for login
  };

  return (
    <div className="login">
      <h2>Login</h2>
      <FormInput label="Email" value={email} onChange={setEmail} />
      <FormInput label="Password" value={password} onChange={setPassword} />
      <Button label="Login" onClick={handleLogin} />
    </div>
  );
};

export default Login;

Dashboard: StatsCard.tsx

import React from 'react';

interface StatsCardProps {
  title: string;
  value: number;
  icon: React.ReactNode;
}

const StatsCard: React.FC<StatsCardProps> = ({ title, value, icon }) => (
  <div className="stats-card">
    <div className="stats-card-icon">{icon}</div>
    <div className="stats-card-info">
      <h3>{title}</h3>
      <p>{value}</p>
    </div>
  </div>
);

export default StatsCard;

3. Domain-Driven Structure

This structure focuses on organizing components according to the domain or bounded context of your project. This makes this structure suitable for complex systems that require clear domain separation

src/
└── components/
    ├── domain/
    │   ├── product/       # Components related to product domain
    │   │   ├── ProductCard.tsx
    │   │   ├── ProductList.tsx
    │   │   └── ProductDetail.tsx
    │   │
    │   ├── cart/          # Components for cart domain
    │   │   ├── CartItem.tsx
    │   │   ├── CartSummary.tsx
    │   │   └── CartIcon.tsx
    │   │
    │   ├── user/          # Components for user domain
    │   │   ├── UserAvatar.tsx
    │   │   ├── UserProfile.tsx
    │   │   └── UserSettings.tsx
    │   │
    │   └── ...            # Additional domain-specific components
    │
    ├── ui/                # UI elements (atoms, molecules, etc.)
    │   ├── atoms/         
    │   ├── molecules/     
    │   └── organisms/     
    │
    └── layout/            # Layout components
        ├── Header.tsx
        ├── Footer.tsx
        └── Sidebar.tsx

example:

Product: ProductCard.tsx

import React from 'react';

interface ProductCardProps {
  name: string;
  price: number;
  imageUrl: string;
  onAddToCart: () => void;
}

const ProductCard: React.FC<ProductCardProps> = ({ name, price, imageUrl, onAddToCart }) => (
  <div className="product-card">
    <img src={imageUrl} alt={name} className="product-card-image" />
    <div className="product-card-info">
      <h3>{name}</h3>
      <p>${price.toFixed(2)}</p>
      <button onClick={onAddToCart}>Add to Cart</button>
    </div>
  </div>
);

export default ProductCard;

Cart: CartSummary.tsx

import React from 'react';

interface CartSummaryProps {
  totalItems: number;
  totalPrice: number;
}

const CartSummary: React.FC<CartSummary

Props> = ({ totalItems, totalPrice }) => (
  <div className="cart-summary">
    <h3>Cart Summary</h3>
    <p>Total Items: {totalItems}</p>
    <p>Total Price: ${totalPrice.toFixed(2)}</p>
    <button>Checkout</button>
  </div>
);

export default CartSummary;

4. Component-Driven Development (CDD) with Storybook

This structure is designed to support cross-platform development. Component-Driven Development (CDD) using Storybook which allows you to develop and test components in a format separate from the main application

src/
└── components/
    ├── Button/
    │   ├── Button.tsx      # Component implementation
    │   ├── Button.stories.tsx # Storybook stories
    │   ├── Button.test.tsx # Unit tests
    │   └── Button.module.css # Component-specific styles
    │
    ├── Input/
    │   ├── Input.tsx
    │   ├── Input.stories.tsx
    │   ├── Input.test.tsx
    │   └── Input.module.css
    │
    ├── Modal/
    │   ├── Modal.tsx
    │   ├── Modal.stories.tsx
    │   ├── Modal.test.tsx
    │   └── Modal.module.css
    │
    └── ...                # Additional component folders

example:

Button: Button.tsx

import React from 'react';
import styles from './Button.module.css';

interface ButtonProps {
  label: string;
  onClick: () => void;
  variant?: 'primary' | 'secondary';
}

const Button: React.FC<ButtonProps> = ({ label, onClick, variant = 'primary' }) => (
  <button className={`${styles.btn} ${styles[variant]}`} onClick={onClick}>
    {label}
  </button>
);

export default Button;

Button: Button.stories.tsx (Storybook)

import React from 'react';
import { Meta, Story } from '@storybook/react';
import Button, { ButtonProps } from './Button';

export default {
  title: 'Components/Button',
  component: Button,
} as Meta;

const Template: Story<ButtonProps> = (args) => <Button {...args} />;

export const Primary = Template.bind({});
Primary.args = {
  label: 'Primary Button',
  onClick: () => console.log('Primary Button Clicked'),
  variant: 'primary',
};

export const Secondary = Template.bind({});
Secondary.args = {
  label: 'Secondary Button',
  onClick: () => console.log('Secondary Button Clicked'),
  variant: 'secondary',
};

5. Shared Component Library

In projects where multiple teams work together Creating a structure that uses common components is important. This structure emphasizes separating components that can be reused throughout the project

src/
└── components/
    ├── shared/            # Shared components across the application
    │   ├── Button/
    │   │   ├── Button.tsx
    │   │   └── Button.module.css
    │   │
    │   ├── Modal/
    │   │   ├── Modal.tsx
    │   │   └── Modal.module.css
    │   │
    │   └── ...            # Additional shared components
    │
    ├── featureSpecific/   # Feature-specific components
    │   ├── UserProfile/
    │   │   ├── ProfileHeader.tsx
    │   │   ├── ProfileDetails.tsx
    │   │   └── Avatar.tsx
    │   │
    │   ├── ProductList/
    │   │   ├── ProductCard.tsx
    │   │   └── ProductFilter.tsx
    │   │
    │   └── ...            # Additional feature-specific components
    │
    └── layout/            # Layout components
        ├── Header.tsx
        ├── Footer.tsx
        └── Sidebar.tsx

ตัวอย่าง:

Shared: Modal.tsx

import React from 'react';
import styles from './Modal.module.css';

interface ModalProps {
  title: string;
  isOpen: boolean;
  onClose: () => void;
}

const Modal: React.FC<ModalProps> = ({ title, isOpen, onClose, children }) => {
  if (!isOpen) return null;

  return (
    <div className={styles.modalOverlay}>
      <div className={styles.modal}>
        <h2>{title}</h2>
        <button className={styles.closeButton} onClick={onClose}>
          &times;
        </button>
        <div className={styles.modalContent}>{children}</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
};

export default Modal;

Feature-Specific: ProfileHeader.tsx

import React from 'react';

interface ProfileHeaderProps {
  name: string;
  bio: string;
  avatarUrl: string;
}

const ProfileHeader: React.FC<ProfileHeaderProps> = ({ name, bio, avatarUrl }) => (
  <div className="profile-header">
    <img src={avatarUrl} alt={name} className="profile-avatar" />
    <h1>{name}</h1>
    <p>{bio}</p>
  </div>
);

export default ProfileHeader;

Factors to Consider When Structuring Components

1. Reusability: ควรแยก component ที่สามารถใช้ซ้ำได้ออกจาก component ที่เฉพาะเจาะจงกับฟีเจอร์
2. Maintainability: การจัดโครงสร้างที่ดีช่วยให้การดูแลรักษาและการอัพเดตโปรเจคเป็นไปอย่างราบรื่น
3. Scalability: โครงสร้างที่ดีจะช่วยให้การขยายฟีเจอร์และการเพิ่ม component ใหม่ ๆ เป็นเรื่องง่าย
4. Performance: ใช้เทคนิคที่เหมาะสมในการโหลดและใช้ component เพื่อให้แน่ใจว่าแอปพลิเคชันของคุณมีประสิทธิภาพ

Best Practices for Component Structure

• Single Responsibility Principle: แต่ละ component ควรทำหน้าที่เดียวและทำได้ดี
• Component Naming: ตั้งชื่อ component ให้สื่อความหมายและชัดเจน
• Component Composition: ใช้ composition แทน inheritance เมื่อสร้าง component ใหม่
• Use Prop Types or TypeScript: กำหนด prop types หรือใช้ TypeScript interfaces เพื่อเพิ่มความปลอดภัยในการใช้งาน
• Write Tests: เขียน unit tests สำหรับ component ทุกตัวเพื่อตรวจสอบการทำงาน

ด้วยข้อมูลและแนวทางเหล่านี้ หวังว่าคุณจะสามารถจัดโครงสร้างในโฟลเดอร์ components ของโปรเจคได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพและเหมาะสมกับความต้องการของโปรเจคของคุณ!

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