In the various levels of errors that PHP has, error_reporting is a function in PHP which indicates what are the errors reported and determines the error_reporting directive during runtime. Using this function we can set the prescribed level for the required duration (usually the runtime) of our script. It returns the old error reporting level based on the input given, or the present reporting level when no parameter is given.
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Following is a syntax with parameters:
Syntax:
error_reporting(level)
Parameters:
There is only a single parameter level which is optional and whose input function takes. It specifies the error reporting level for the present script. Accepted values are constant name and value number.
Note: To ensure compatibility for PHP future versions, named constants are recommended.There are a few predefined constants whose description is as below:
1. E_Error: These indicate fatal runtime errors that cannot be recovered from and the script execution will be halted.
2. E_Warning: These are non-fatal errors where the execution of the script will continue.
3. E_Parse: This shows compile-time parse errors which are to be generated only by the parsers.
4. E_Notice: This issues runtime notices indicating that the script has found something which shows an error, but which can also happen while running a normal script.
5. E_Core_Error: During PHP’s initial startup there may arise a few fatal errors which are generated by PHP’s core.
6. E_Core_Warning: This shows the non-fatal errors which arise during PHP’s initial startup also generated by PHP’s core.
7. E_Compile_Error: These display fatal errors which occur during compile time. These are generated by the Zend scripting engine.
8. E_Compile_Warning: Similar to above these display compile-time warnings or can be called non-fatal errors and are also generated by Zend scripting engine.
9. E_User_Error: This displays errors generated by the users. This is similar to E_ERROR except that it is generated using PHP function in the PHP code.
10. E_All: This is like a combination of all the above which supports all errors and warnings except that of E_STRICT.
Return Values:
The error_reporting function gives the old reporting level or the present error reporting level if in case no parameters are given.
This function allows the developer to actually control the different kinds of errors and how many of such errors will be thrown in the application. This function sets an error_reporting directive that will be present in the PHP ini configuration file.
error_reporting(0);
error_reporting(E_NOTICE);
error_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE);
error_reporting(E_ALL); error_reporting(-1); ini_set('error_reporting', E_ALL);
It happens so that during the production phase, error messages are to be hidden from the end-users but this information is needed to be registered for tracing purpose. And the best way to record these errors on the production web application is to write and store in log files.
An easy way to log these is by using the error_log function which takes our parameters as input. The only mandatory parameter here is the first one which contains details about the errors and what all to be logged. Other parameters like the type, destination, and header are non-mandatory here for this function.
error_log("Error found!", 0);
error_log("Error information being emailed!", 1, "[email protected]");
error_log("Write errors to this file", 3, "https://cdn.educba.com/tmp/errorfile.log")<em>;</em>
Given below is the example:
Code:
<?php $a = 1; trigger_error("user warning!", E_USER_WARNING); $a = 2; echo "Value of $a is ${$a}"; error_reporting(0); error_reporting(E_ALL); ?>
Output:
Hence we can say that error_reporting() function in PHP are therefore helpful in cases when there are a lot of problems with the PHP web application and we need to display all of these errors and warnings either for development or debugging purposes. It is a function we can enable different kinds of warnings or error messages and most of them are as discussed above.
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