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Java is a high-level programming language initially created by Sun Microsystems and discharged in 1995. It is a broadly helpful computer programming language that is simultaneous, class-based, object-oriented, and explicitly designed to get usage conditions expected under the circumstances. It is proposed to provide application designers with “write once, run anyplace” (WORA), implying that the aggregated Java code can continue executing all phases that support Java without the prerequisite for recompilation. Any equipment or programming condition where a program runs is a platform. Java earns a platform designation due to its inclusion of a runtime environment (JRE) and API. This article will cover the different versions of Java with their functionality.

Top 10 Versions of Java with Features

Below, we will learn different versions of Java with its various features:

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1. JDK 1.0 (January 23, 1996)

Features:

Java programming language
AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit)
Applet support
Basic I/O
Networking support
Standard library
Security (sandbox model)

2. JDK 1.1 (February 2, 1997)

Features:

The idea of the Inner Class
JavaBeans
JDBC
RMI
Reshaped AWT event model
JIT (Just In Time) compiler: Used on Microsoft Windows stages, developed for JavaSoft by Symantec
Internationalization and Unicode support beginning from Taligent

3. J2SE Version 1.2 (December 4, 1998)

Features:

Collections structure.
Java String memory map for constants.
JIT (Just In Time) compiler.
Jar Signer for marking Java Archive (JAR) records.
Policy Tool for allowing access to framework assets.
Java Foundation Classes (JFC) comprises Swing 1.0, Drag and Drop, and Java 2D class libraries.
Java Plug-in
Scrollable result sets, BLOB, CLOB, user user-characterized types in JDBC
Audio help in Applets

4. J2SE Version 1.3 (May 8, 2000)

Features:

Java Sound
Jar Indexing
Huge list of advancements for improving the Java area.

5. J2SE Version 1.4 (February 13, 2002)

Features:

XML Processing
Java Print Service
Logging API
Java Web Start
JDBC 3.0 API
Assertions
API preferences
IPv6 Support
Regular Expressions
Image I/O API

6. J2SE Version 5.0 (September 29, 2004)

Features:

Generics
Enhanced for Loop
Autoboxing/Unboxing
Typesafe Enums
Static Import
Metadata (Annotations)
Instrumentation

7. Java Version SE 6 (December 11, 2006)

Features:

Scripting Language Support
JDBC 4.0 API
Java Compiler API
Pluggable Annotations
Java GSS, Kerberos and LDAP support
Incorporated Web Services
Many more improvements

8. Java Version SE 7 (July 28, 2011)

Features:

Strings in switch Statement
Type Inference for Generic Instance Creation
Different Exception Handling
Backing for Dynamic Languages
Attempt with Resources
Java NIO Package
Binary Literals underscore in literal
Null Handling

9. Java Version SE 8 (March 18, 2014)

Features:

Lambda Expressions
Pipelines and Streams
Date and Time API
Default Methods
Type Annotations
Nashhorn JavaScript Engine
Concurrent Accumulators
Parallel operations
TLS SNI

10. Java SE 9 (September 21, 2017)

Features:

Modularization of the JDK under Project Jigsaw
Given Money and Currency API
Reconciliation with JavaFX
Java usage of reactive streams
More Concurrency Updates
Provided Java Linker
Programmed scaling and measuring

11. Java SE 10 (March 20, 2018)

Features:

Local Variable Type Inference
Exploratory Java-Based JIT Compiler incorporates the Graal dynamic compiler for the Linux x64 stage.
Time-sensitive Release Versioning
Parallel Full GC for G1
Garbage collector Interface
Extra Unicode Language-Tag Extensions
Root Certificates
String Local Handshakes
Remove the Native-Header Generation Tool – Java
Combine the JDK Forest into a Single Repository.

12. Java SE 11 (September 25, 2018)

Features:

Local-variable syntax for lambda parameters
Epsilon: A no-op garbage collector
HTTP client (standard)
Deprecating and removing older features
Flight recorder
ZGC: A scalable, low-latency garbage collector
Single source-file launch
Low-pause-time heap profiling
Dynamic class-file constants
Nest-based access control
Launch single-file source-code programs
Deprecate and remove the Applet API
Deprecate and remove the CORBA modules
Flight Recorder: A profiling tool for production environments
Z Garbage Collector (ZGC): Low-latency garbage collector
Implement HTTP/2
Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3

13. Java SE 12 (March 19, 2019)

Features:

Switch Expressions (Standard)
Shenandoah: A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector (Experimental)
Microbenchmark Suite
Default CDS Archives
Abortable Mixed Collections
Promptly Return Unused Committed Memory
One AArch64 Port, Not Two

14. Java SE 13 (Sepetember 17, 2019)

Features:

Text Blocks
Switch Expressions (Standard Feature)
New Features in APIs
- File Systems
- Socket APIs
Dynamic CDS Archives
ZGC: Uncommit Unused Memory
Reimplement the Legacy Socket API
Deprecate and Remove RMI Activation

15. Java SE 14 (March 17, 2020)

Features:

Pattern Matching for instanceof
Records
Switch Expressions Enhancements
Text Blocks
Foreign Function and Memory API (Incubator)
Helpful NullPointerExceptions
Packaging Tool (Incubator)

16. Java SE 15 (September 16, 2020)

Features:

Sealed Classes
Pattern Matching for instanceof
Text Blocks
Hidden Classes
Foreign Function & Memory API
Unix-Domain Socket Channel
Z Garbage Collector (Experimental)
Deprecations and Removals
Preview Features

17. Java SE 16 (March 16, 2021)

Features:

Records and Pattern Matching for instanceof
Unix-Domain Socket Channel
Foreign Function & Memory API (Incubator)
Vector API (Incubator)
Strong encapsulation of JDK internals
New macOS rendering pipeline (Metal)

18. Java SE 17 (September 14, 2021)

Features:

Sealed Classes
Pattern Matching for switch
Strong encapsulation of JDK internals
Deprecating and removing older features
Foreign function and memory API (Incubator)
Unix-domain socket channel (Incubator)

19. Java SE 18 (March 22, 2022)

Features:

Records
Pattern Matching for a switch (Preview)
Sealed Classes (Preview)
Vector API (Incubator)
Foreign Function and Memory API (Incubator)
Deprecate the Applet API for Removal

20. Java SE 19 (September 20, 2022)

Features:

Enhanced Pseudo-Random Number Generators
Foreign Function and Memory API (Second Incubator)
Enhanced Java Language Support for Pattern Matching
Enhanced Java Language Support for Records
Enhanced Vector API (Incubator)
Enhanced Stream API – Enhanced Security
Enhanced JFR (Java Flight Recorder) Events
Enhanced JFR (Java Flight Recorder) Streaming

21. Java SE 20 (March 21, 2023)

Features:

Enhanced Switch Expressions (Standard)
Text Blocks (Second Preview)
EdDSA (RFC 8032) and Edwards
Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
Unix-Domain Socket Channels
Foreign Function and Memory API (Final)
Dynamic CDS Archives (Experimental)
Removal of the Java EE and CORBA Modules

22. Java SE 21 (September 19, 2023)

Features:

HTTP Client (Standard) – Records (Second Preview)
Sealed Classes (Final)
Enhanced Pattern Matching for instanceof
Enhanced Pseudo-Random Number Generators (Final)
Strongly Encapsulate JDK Internals by Default (Preview)
Removal of the Nashorn JavaScript Engine

Conclusion – Versions of Java

The Java programming language is object-oriented, class-based, simultaneous, verified, and universally helpful. Developers can create applications on your computer. Java projects are translated by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which runs on various platforms. This implies all Java programs are multiplatform.

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