An array is a set of objects. The elements present in an array are of the same data type. It may be int, float, char, etc. The concept of Arrays in C# comes into existence to avoid the cumbersome of storing different values by making different variables.
23 | 56 | 32 | 54 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
The index of an array starts from 0, and the index of an array will be increased based on the specific size of an array. If we have an array of length 5, then the array will start from index 0 and ends at index 4. So the length of the array defines the number of elements in that array.
In C#, the length of the array can be fixed or dynamic. In an array of fixed length, a fixed number of items can be stored. In a dynamic array, size increases as new items come to the array, as the memory allocation of an array is dynamic. In arrays, stack memory stores the variable of the array, whereas managed heap stores the elements. In C#, the array is derived from System. Array class. If we have an integer array, then all the elements have their respective value, and as an array in C# is a reference type, the elements will hold a reference to actual objects.
Syntax of an Array:
data_type [] name_of_array
Code:
class Name { static void Main(string[]args) { Int32[] intarray; //array declaration } }
Code Explanation: In the Array declaration, the first part is the datatype which defines the type of objects in an array. The second part is [], which defines the number of objects in an array, and then next is the name of the array, which is int array in this case
Code:
class Name { static void Main(string[]args) { Int32[] Intarray; //array declaration Intarray = new Int32[4]; // array initialization Intarray[0]= 23; // assigning values to the elements Intarray[1]=5; Intarray[2]=88; Intarray[3]=6; } }
Code Explanation: In array initialization, we have to specify the number of values in an array by using square brackets and assigning those values to each array element. So here, intarray[0] means that we are assigning a value in the first position, intarray[1] means assigning values in the second position, and so on.
Code:
class Name { static void Main(string[]args) { Int32[] Intarray; //array declaration Intarray = new Int32[4]; //array initialization Intarray[0]= 23; //assigning values to array Intarray[1]=5; Intarray[2]=88; Intarray[3]=6; Console.WriteLine(Intarray[0]); Console.WriteLine(Intarray[1]); Console.WriteLine(Intarray[2]); Console.WriteLine(Intarray[3]); Console.ReadKey(); } }
Code Explanation: Console.WriteLine is a method to display each value of an array in the console.
Examples and the results in C# are Display below
Code:
using System; namespace ArrayDemo { class Name { static void Main(string[] args) { Int32[] Intarray; // array declaration Intarray = new Int32[4]; // array initialization Intarray[0] = 23; // assigning values to the array element Intarray[1] = 5; Intarray[2] = 88; Intarray[3] = 6; Console.WriteLine(Intarray[0]); Console.WriteLine(Intarray[1]); Console.WriteLine(Intarray[2]); Console.WriteLine(Intarray[3]); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
In the above code, the array is declared and initialized with four elements and Console.WriteLine displays all the values.
Output:
Code:
using System; namespace Demo { class Array { static void Main(string[] args) { int[] arr = new int[4] { 10, 20, 30, 40 }; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) // Traverse array elements { Console.WriteLine(arr[i]); } } } }
In the above code, the array is initialized and declared with four elements and then looping is used to access the elements of the array.
Output:
We can also use foreach to access the elements of the array
Code:
using System; namespace Demo { class Array { static void Main(string[] args) { int[] arr = new int[4] { 10, 20, 30, 40 }; foreach (int i in arr) { Console.WriteLine(i); } } } }
Output:
In C#, we have multiple types of arrays:
The above examples are of Single Dimension array.
In rectangular arrays or multi-dimensional arrays, data is stored in tabular form.
Int[,] intArray = new int[4,3]
In this, we have specified the size of the array with four rows and three columns.
1. Declaration of multi-dimensional arrays
int[,] array = new int[3,3]; //declaration of 2D array int[,,] array=new int[3,3,3]; //declaration of 3D array
2. Initialization of multidimensional array
int[,] array = new int[3,3]; //declaration of 2D array array[0,1]=10; //initialization array[1,2]=20; array[2,0]=30;<c/ode>
Example of Multi-dimensional array
Code:
using System; namespace Demo { class Array { public static void Main() { int[,] intArray = new int[3, 2]{ {1, 2}, {2, 4}, {4, 8} }; Console.WriteLine(intArray[0, 0]); Console.WriteLine(intArray[0, 1]); Console.WriteLine(intArray[1, 0]); Console.WriteLine(intArray[1, 1]); Console.WriteLine(intArray[2, 0]); Console.WriteLine(intArray[2, 1]); } } }
Code Explanation: In the above code, rows and columns are specified with three rows and four-column and Console.WriteLine displays all the values.
Output:
Elements of jagged arrays are “array” because it directly stores array.
1. Declaration of the jagged array
int[][] array = new int[3][];
The first bracket tells about the size and the second bracket tells about the dimensions of the array.
2. Initialization and assign values to the jagged arrays
array[0] = new int[4] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }; array[1] = new int[5] { 1, 2, 3, 4,5 };
The size of the elements can be different.
Below are the examples of the jagged array:
Example #1
Code:
using System; namespace Demo { class Array { public static void Main() { int[][] array = new int[2][];// Declare the array array[0] = new int[] { 1, 2, 6, 8 };// Initialize the array array[1] = new int[] { 72, 51, 47, 23, 54, 13 }; // Traverse array elements for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < array[i].Length; j++) { System.Console.Write(array[i][j] + " "); } System.Console.WriteLine(); } } } }
Output:
Example #2
Code:
using System; namespace Demo { class Array { public static void Main() { int[][] array = new int[3][]{ new int[] { 51, 22, 43, 87 }, new int[] { 2, 3, 4, 56, 94, 23 }, new int[] { 4, 5 } }; // Traverse array elements for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < array[i].Length; j++) { System.Console.Write(array[i][j] + " "); } System.Console.WriteLine(); } } } }
Output:
The following points are as follows:
Example
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ArrayMethod { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int[] arr = new int[6] { 5, 8, 9, 25, 0, 7 }; // Creating an empty array int[] arr2 = new int[6]; Console.WriteLine("length of first array: " + arr.Length); // length of array Array.Sort(arr); //sorting array elements Console.Write("Sorted array elements: "); PrintArray(arr); Array.Copy(arr, arr2, arr.Length); // copy elements of one array to other Console.Write("Second array elements: "); PrintArray(arr2); Console.WriteLine("Get Index:\t{0}", Array.IndexOf(arr, 9)); // index of value Array.Reverse(arr); Console.Write("\nFirst Array elements in reverse order: "); // reverse the elements of array PrintArray(arr); Array.Clear(arr, 0, 6); //set default value of elements PrintArray(arr); } static void PrintArray(int[] arr) { foreach (int i in arr) { Console.Write("\t{0}", i); } Console.WriteLine("\n"); } } }
Code Explanation: The above code shows several methods of the array in which arr. Length is used to get the length which is equal to 6, Array. Sort gives the values in sorted form. Array. Copy copies the values from the first array to the second array. Array. The reverse displays the array in reverse order, whereas Clear sets the default values of the elements.
Output:
So it is better to declare one array variable instead of declaring too many different variables as elements in the memory are stored sequentially, which makes it faster. Also, it’s easy to traverse, manipulate and sort the data by using arrays.
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