Unit Testing in Laravel with Sanctum

What's up my kids, I hope you are having a great time and having a great week, and even a better month. I wrote this post within thedevgang.com and I share it here so that it has more engagement with all of you. I hope you like it :3

It is already the last milestone of 2024 and other things, which are not worth talking about at this time. Well, in a previous blog post we migrated the Passport authentication library to Sanctum, however, now, I would like to delve into the unit tests of some endpoints and thus be able to execute them in a continuous integration pipeline such as Github Actions.

Previously, I had written about how to do unit tests with Passport in dev.to, this post can be found here, where I also explain what unit tests are and basic aspects about their implementation in Laravel. In this post, we will cover the following:

• Unit tests already with Sanctum implemented
• Testing some endpoints

Unit testing with Sanctum implemented

In the case of this post, I have some endpoints that I put together for an alternative project that I have been developing for a few months. This project has the following characteristics in terms of the framework and others:

• Laravel 11 with Sanctum 4
• PHPUnit 10
• Laravel Sail as a development environment

In this case we will test three endpoints that we set up for the authentication process of this app, first we will do the appropriate thing with the following method:

public function login(Request $request)
    {
        $validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [
            'email' => 'required|email',
            'password' => 'required',
            'device_id' => 'required',
        ]);

        if ($validator->fails()) {
            return response()->json(['success' => false, 'error' => $validator->errors()], $this->badRequestStatus);
        }

        $result = $this->getToken(request('email'), request('password'), request('device_id'));

        if ($result['success'] == true) {
            return response()->json($result, $this->successStatus);
        } else {
            return response()->json(['success' => false, 'error' => 'Unauthorized'], $this->unauthorizedStatus);
        }
    }

This method is the one that completely manages the login process of our app, however the registration is not included in this snippet, that will be the next one to test. In this case, we have confirmed it and it seems to work correctly, but in order to make sure of this, we will set up their respective tests.

First with terminal enter this command:

php artisan make:test UserTest --unit

This will create a UserTest file in the tests/Unit folder, which will be completely “blank”, like the following:

<?php

namespace Tests\Unit;

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * A basic test example.
     */
    public function test_basic_test(): void
    {
        $this->assertTrue(true);
    }
}

Delete the test_basic_test() method, we won't need it. In this case I say that it is blank because it is only the mock of our unit tests and for this occasion it will be the one we use for the aforementioned methods. Now, before starting to schedule the tests, we need to make sure of the use cases that we will be executing and testing, therefore we have the following use cases to test:

1. Login correct.
2. Invalid login entering all data.
3. Correct registration.
4. Correct profile registration.
5. Error profile registration due to not entering data.
6. Profile not found.
7. Registration of the correct profile and its feedback.

Once the use cases have been listed, we take into account that those that the aforementioned method covers in this case are cases 1 and 2, so we will proceed with them.

Test preparation

Now, before starting to code the tests, we need to configure them so that they can be executed correctly. To do this, we will create the setUp method within the UserTest file, which executes the instructions prior to executing the unit tests. This is where we can tell the system that it must carry out the migrations and be able to begin them if data is required, as well as the assignment of values ​​in variables. The setUp method that we will create is structured like this:

public function setUp(): void
    {
        parent::setUp();
        $this->faker = \Faker\Factory::create();

        $this->name = $this->faker->name();
        $this->password = 'password';
        $this->email = 'valid@test.com';
        $this->deviceId = $this->faker->uuid();

        Artisan::call('migrate:fresh', ['-vvv' => true]);
    }

The setUp will do the following:

• Create an instance of Faker, a library to simulate data entry of various types of variables.
• We create a fictitious name
• We assign the password and email to default values.
• We assign a fictitious device ID also with the faker.
• Will run database migrations

Above this method, declare the global variables that we will use for all our tests:

public $faker;
public $name;
public $email;
public $password;
public $deviceId;

Development of unit tests

For test 1, we need to ensure that the login is correct by invoking the endpoint that we will call in our app. We will create the test_login_success method and it would look like this:

public function test_login_success()
    {
        Artisan::call('db:seed', ['-vvv' => true]);

        $body = [
            'email' => $this->email,
            'password' => $this->password,
            'device_id' => $this->deviceId
        ];

        $this->json('POST', '/api/login', $body, ['Accept' => 'application/json'])
            ->assertStatus(200)->assertJson([
                "success" => true
            ]);
    }

Este método, primeramente alimentará la base de datos con los catálogos pertinentes para poder confirmar que los mismos existen sin problemas. Después asignará el body y enviará los datos por medio de un request POST, al enviarlo, revisará que el status que devuelva su llamada es 200 y que los datos sean conforme al arreglo solicitado para confirmar, en este caso [ “success” => true ]. Si todo sale bien y se cumplen las condiciones, se considera prueba satisfactoria, en caso contrario, se considerará fallida y es donde se tendrá que revisar nuevamente el código.

Ahora bien, haremos el caso de uso 2. Para ello crea un método llamado test_login_error_with_data_ok e ingresa el siguiente código:

public function test_login_error_with_data_ok()
    {
        Artisan::call('db:seed', ['-vvv' => true]);

        $body =  [
            'email' => 'invalid@test.com',
            'password' => 'password',
            'device_id' => $this->deviceId
        ];

        $this->json('POST', '/api/login', $body)
            ->assertStatus(401)->assertJson([
                "success" => false
            ]);
    }

A diferencia del anterior, en este caso, se le entregan datos erróneos y se solicita que confirme que el endpoint devuelva un error 401, así como un body [“success” => false ], esto con el fin de que se confirme que el sistema deniega el acceso a alguien que no tenga credenciales correctas.

Con esto, cubrimos el método presentado anteriormente y ya quedaría cubierto el método. Para poder probarlo, podemos ejecutar el siguiente comando bajo Sail:

docker compose exec laravel.test php artisan test

Te mostrará los siguientes resultados:

PASS  Tests\Unit\UserTest
  ✓ login error with data ok 0.08s  
  ✓ login success 0.16s

Si te sale todo bien como te lo he mostrado, tus unit tests han salido satisfactoriamente, pero estamos lejos de terminar. Ahora necesitamos probar el siguiente método:

public function register(Request $request)
    {
        $validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [
            'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
            'password' => 'required',
            'c_password' => 'required|same:password',
            'device_id' => 'required',
        ]);

        if ($validator->fails()) {
            return response()->json(['success' => false, 'error' => $validator->errors()], $this->badRequestStatus);
        }

        $password = $request->password;
        $input = $request->all();
        $input['password'] = bcrypt($password);
        $user = User::create($input);

        if (null !== $user) {
            $result = $this->getToken($user->email, $password, $request->device_id);

            if ($result['success'] == true) {
                return response()->json($result, $this->successStatus);
            } else {
                return response()->json(['success' => false, 'error' => 'Unauthorized'], $this->unauthorizedStatus);
            }
        }
    }

En este caso, realizaremos el caso de uso 3, el cual solicita confirmar que el registro sea correcto, para ello, crea el método test_register_success e ingresa el siguiente código:

public function test_register_success()
    {
        $body = [
            'name' => $this->name,
            'email' => $this->email,
            'password' => $this->password,
            'c_password' => $this->password,
            'device_id' => $this->deviceId
        ];

        $this->json('POST', '/api/register', $body)
            ->assertStatus(200)->assertJson([
                "success" => true
            ]);
    }

Al igual que con el login, solicitamos que nos confirme el sistema que se nos está entregando un código 200 así como el arreglo [“success” => true], si logramos eso, ya hemos terminado, pero si te das cuenta, nos hace falta la prueba en caso de que se equivoque el usuario. Ese método te lo dejo de tarea para que puedas corroborar tus conocimientos.

Ahora bien probaremos los siguientes métodos:

public function profile()
    {
        $user = Auth::user();
        $profile = Profile::find($user->id);

        if (null !== $profile) {
            return response()->json(["success" => true, "data" => $user], $this->successStatus);
        } else {
            return response()->json(['success' => false, 'message' => 'Usuario no encontrado.'], $this->notFoundStatus);
        }
    }

public function createProfile(Request $request)
    {
        try {
            $validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [
                'first_name' => 'required',
                'last_name' => 'required',
                'birth_date' => 'required|date',
                'bloodtype' => 'required|numeric',
                'phone' => 'required',
                'gender' => 'required|numeric',
                'country' => 'required|numeric',
                'state' => 'required|numeric',
            ]);

            if ($validator->fails()) {
                return response()->json(['success' => false, 'error' => $validator->errors()], $this->badRequestStatus);
            }

            $user = Auth::user();
            $profile = Profile::where(['user_id' => $user->id])->first();

            $data = [
                'user_id' => $user->id,
            ];

            $dataInsert = array_merge($data, $request->all());

            if (null !== $profile) {
                $profile = $profile->update($dataInsert);
            } else {
                $profile = Profile::create($dataInsert);
            }


            return response()->json(["success" => true, "message" => 'Perfil actualizado correctamente.'], $this->successStatus);
        } catch (QueryException $e) {
            return response()->json(["success" => false, "message" => 'Error al actualizar el perfil.'], $this->internalServerErrorStatus);
        }
    }

Este par de métodos son los referentes a la gestión del perfil del usuario y su retroalimentación, por lo que los casos de uso que debemos probar son del 4 al 7. Para el caso 4, debemos crear un nuevo método llamado test_register_profile_success y agregamos el siguiente código:

public function test_register_profile_success()
    {
        $body = [
            'first_name' => $this->faker->firstName,
            'last_name' => $this->faker->lastName,
            'birth_date' => '1987-10-10',
            'bloodtype' => 1,
            'phone' => $this->faker->phoneNumber,
            'gender' => 1,
            'country' => 1,
            'state' => 1,
        ];

        $user = User::factory()->create();
        $token = $user->createToken('TestToken')->plainTextToken;

        $response = $this->withHeaders([
            'Authorization' => 'Bearer ' . $token,
        ])->post('/api/user/profile', $body);

        $response->assertStatus(200);
    }

En esta ocasión, necesitamos declarar un arreglo que simule el contenido del cuerpo del request para que pueda ser enviado correctamente por el endpoint y una vez enviado, el confirmar que el request tiene una respuesta satisfactoria (200).

Para el caso del perfil erróneo por no ingresar datos, necesitamos agregar un nuevo método que denominaremos test_register_profile_validation_failed, el cual implementaremos de la siguiente forma:

public function test_register_profile_validation_failed()
    {
        $user = User::factory()->create();
        $token = $user->createToken('TestToken')->plainTextToken;

        $response = $this->withHeaders([
            'Authorization' => 'Bearer ' . $token,
        ])->post('/api/user/profile', []);

        $response->assertStatus(400);
    }

En este caso, es prácticamente el mismo contenido de la prueba anterior, con la diferencia que ahora le enviamos un arreglo en blanco, para poder asegurarnos que si no se están enviando los datos correctamente, no permita la creación del perfil del usuario por medio de un Bad Request error (400).

El siguiente método probará que en caso de no encontrar el perfil de algún usuario, así lo indique con un código 404, por lo que creamos otro método denominado test_obtain_profile_not_found e ingresando el siguiente código.

public function test_obtain_profile_not_found()
    {
        $user = User::factory()->create();
        $token = $user->createToken('TestToken')->plainTextToken;

        $response = $this->withHeaders([
            'Authorization' => 'Bearer ' . $token,
        ])->get('/api/user/profile');

        $response->assertStatus(404);
    }

En el modelo de negocio, nosotros al registrarnos, creamos el usuario, mas no el perfil que tiene que ser ingresado posteriormente, por lo que al momento de ejecutar la prueba unitaria, al ejecutar el request para obtener el perfil, nos enviará un código 404, comportamiento que estamos buscando para esta prueba unitaria.

Finalmente para el último caso de uso, crearemos el método test_register_profile_and_obtain para confirmar que un mismo test pueda obtener dos comportamientos en un mismo flujo. Para este caso implementaremos el siguiente código:

public function test_register_profile_and_obtain()
    {
        $body = [
            'first_name' => $this->faker->firstName,
            'last_name' => $this->faker->lastName,
            'birth_date' => '1987-10-10',
            'bloodtype' => 1,
            'phone' => $this->faker->phoneNumber,
            'gender' => 1,
            'country' => 1,
            'state' => 1,
        ];

        $user = User::factory()->create();
        $token = $user->createToken('TestToken')->plainTextToken;

        $this->withHeaders([
            'Authorization' => 'Bearer ' . $token,
        ])->post('/api/user/profile', $body);

        $response = $this->withHeaders([
            'Authorization' => 'Bearer ' . $token,
        ])->get('/api/user/profile');

        $response->assertStatus(200);
    }

En este test, implementamos dos casos de uso realizados previamente, el primero es la creación del perfil y posteriormente, retroalimentamos el perfil, indicando a PHPUnit que deseamos confirmar que el response del endpoint que retroalimenta el perfil sea satisfactoria (código 200). Igualmente podríamos realizar el assert de la inserción de datos cambiando algunas líneas de código, pero por el momento es más que suficiente.

Ya terminando las pruebas unitarias, procedemos a ejecutar el comando docker compose exec laravel.test php artisan test y confirmamos el estatus de nuestras pruebas unitarias. Si nos salen de esta forma:

PASS  Tests\Unit\UserTest
  ✓ login error with data ok.                 0.10s  
  ✓ login success.                            0.15s  
  ✓ register success.                         0.20s  
  ✓ register profile success.                 0.10s  
  ✓ register profile validation failed.       0.09s  
  ✓ obtain profile not found.                 0.10s  
  ✓ register profile and obtain.              0.10s  

Las pruebas unitarias salieron satisfactorias. En caso contrario, checa lo siguiente:

• The method that has had problems, check that it is not a code situation.
• Check that the PHPUnit configuration is appropriate, we will delve into it in the next post.

Likewise, I am going to explain how to configure Github Actions to run unit tests on it and even be able to obtain code coverage reports and a possible continuous deployment. I hope that this post, although long, serves to give you more context about unit testing and about a continuous integration and deployment process.

Happy coding!

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