o the Practices that will Improve your JavaScript Code
If you've already started your journey with JavaScript, you know that mastering the language is just the first step. The quality of the code you write can make all the difference, both to facilitate maintenance and to avoid problems in the long term. Following best practices not only improves the readability of the code, it also helps in collaboration with other developers and reduces the risk of bugs.
In this article, I will share 5 essential best practices that every developer should adopt when writing JavaScript. These tips range from correct use of variables to code modularization, to ensure that your code is more efficient, organized and easy to understand. Shall we go?
1. Use const and let instead of var:
You may have heard this countless times, but believe me, this is an essential tip to adopt in your daily life.
Think of var as that person that does not respect limits, it is allowed to circulate throughout the code, ignoring barriers as if they did not exist (in this case, the block scope). Imagine declaring a variable inside a loop and suddenly it appears outside the loop as if nothing had happened — total chaos.
Now, with const and let, you impose these barriers. Let behaves like that colleague who knows how to respect limits, while const is that stubborn friend who never changes his opinion. This means that, in addition to improving the organization of your code, you avoid difficult-to-track bugs that occur because of this “freedom” of var.
So, using var in modern browsers is basically asking to create bugs!
// Com var (confusão garantida) for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) { console.log(i); // 0, 1, 2 } console.log(i); // 3 (Você esperava que o i ficasse apenas dentro do loop? Pois é... surpresa!) // Com let (tudo nos seus devidos lugares) for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) { console.log(i); // 0, 1, 2 } console.log(i); // Erro: i is not defined (como deveria ser!)
Tip: Use const for variables that will not change value, and let for those that can be reassigned.
Example:
// Usando const (valor constante) const pi = 3.14159; console.log(pi); // 3.14159 // Tentar reatribuir um valor a pi causará erro // pi = 3.14; // Erro: Assignment to constant variable. // Usando let para valores que mudam let totalPedidos = 0; totalPedidos += 1; // Novo pedido chegou console.log(`Total de pedidos: ${totalPedidos}`); // Total de pedidos: 1 // Um novo pedido chegou, então podemos atualizar a variável totalPedidos += 1; console.log(`Total de pedidos: ${totalPedidos}`); // Total de pedidos: 2
2. Destructuring Objects and Arrays
Destructuring objects and arrays is like opening a present and getting straight to what interests you, without having to search through everything. Instead of accessing each property or item individually, with destructuring you get exactly what you need in a quick and elegant way. — Much more practical, right?
// Sem destruturação (muito trabalho) const pessoa = { nome: 'João', idade: 30, profissão: 'Engenheiro' }; const nome = pessoa.nome; const idade = pessoa.idade; console.log(nome, idade); // João 30 // Com destruturação (muito mais simples) const { nome, idade } = pessoa; console.log(nome, idade); // João 30
And the same magic happens with arrays. Let's assume you have a list of values and you only want the first few elements. You don't need to keep picking up item by item. With destructuring, you can take whatever you want directly.
// Sem destruturação const numeros = [10, 20, 30, 40]; const primeiro = numeros[0]; const segundo = numeros[1]; console.log(primeiro, segundo); // 10 20 // Com destruturação const [primeiro, segundo] = numeros; console.log(primeiro, segundo); // 10 20
Tip:
Use destructuring whenever you need to access multiple values in an object or array. This makes the code cleaner and readable.
3. Avoid excessive use of anonymous functions
Using anonymous functions may seem convenient, but it's like giving instructions without saying who is responsible. When everything is working correctly, it's wonderful. But when something goes wrong, who are you going to blame? It's difficult to find the problem. Naming your functions gives your code clarity and makes debugging easier.
Name your functions and have full control over what each one does.
// Função anônima (sem nome, sem controle) setTimeout(function() { console.log('Função anônima em ação'); }, 1000); // Função nomeada (muito mais organizado) function exibeMensagem() { console.log('Função com nome'); } setTimeout(exibeMensagem, 1000);
Tip:
Whenever possible, name your functions clearly and descriptively. More readable code is much easier to maintain.
4. Prefer === over ==
You know that saying "Not everything that glitters is gold"? That's exactly what happens with ==. It does implicit conversions, but ends up bringing unexpected results.
=== doesn't have this thing about "let's figure it out". It does a strict comparison, ensuring that the value and the type are exactly the same.
If == were a detective, he would accept any lead, even if it was unreliable. === only works with solid evidence. He guarantees that there will be no confusion on the way.
// Comparação com == (pode ser traiçoeiro) console.log(1 == '1'); // true (conversão implícita de tipo) // Comparação com === (comparação estrita) console.log(1 === '1'); // false (os tipos são diferentes e não são convertidos)
Tip:
Always use === to ensure you are comparing both the value and type correctly. Avoids "surprises" and helps prevent bugs.
5. Modularize seu código
Modularizar seu código é como organizar suas ferramentas em caixas separadas. Em vez de ter tudo jogado em um só lugar, você separa cada parte em "caixas" (ou módulos), e só pega o que vai utilizar. Isso deixa seu projeto mais organizado, fácil de manter e até mais rápido de entender.
Em vez de ter um arquivo gigantesco com funções e variáveis espalhadas, você pode dividir tudo em módulos reutilizáveis. É como ter uma oficina bem organizada, onde cada ferramenta tem seu devido lugar.
// Criando um módulo (operacoes.js) export function soma(a, b) { return a + b; } export function subtracao(a, b) { return a - b; } // Usando o módulo em outro arquivo (app.js) import { soma, subtracao } from './operacoes.js'; console.log(soma(5, 3)); // 8 console.log(subtracao(5, 3)); // 2
Dica:
Mantenha seu código organizado separando funcionalidades em módulos. Isso facilita a manutenção, o reuso e a colaboração em projetos maiores, onde várias partes do código precisam se comunicar de forma clara.
Boas práticas em JavaScript não só melhoram a organização e clareza do código, como também facilitam a manutenção. Aplicar essas cinco dicas pode fazer uma grande diferença positiva no seu código.
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