WebAssembly: the state of high-performance on the web
Sejak beberapa tahun lalu, beberapa inovasi radikal telah membentuk ekosistem pembangunan web, tetapi hanya sedikit yang menarik seperti WebAssembly-atau singkatannya Wasm. Ini adalah teknologi yang digembar-gemburkan sebagai masa depan untuk aplikasi web berprestasi tinggi yang membolehkan pembangun mencipta pengalaman web yang sepantas aplikasi asli. Di bawah, kami akan menyelami lebih mendalam tentang perkara yang menjadikan WebAssembly begitu berkuasa dan sebab ia merupakan pengubah permainan untuk web, dan cara anda boleh mula memanfaatkannya untuk menambah baik aplikasi anda.
Apakah itu WebAssembly?
WebAssembly, lebih biasa dirujuk sebagai Wasm, ialah format arahan binari yang berjalan pada kelajuan hampir asli dalam penyemak imbas. Ia membolehkan kod yang ditulis dalam bahasa yang disusun ke dalamnya, seperti C, C , Rust dan lain-lain, untuk dijalankan terus dalam penyemak imbas. WebAssembly berjalan lebih pantas dengan margin yang besar kerana ia menggunakan kod mesin yang telah dikompilasi, manakala JavaScript ditafsirkan.
Dalam erti kata lain, WebAssembly membenarkan pembangun Web mencipta aplikasi yang memerlukan pengiraan yang berat, seperti penyuntingan video, permainan atau pemodelan 3D, terus dalam penyemak imbas tanpa penalti prestasi.
Mengapa WebAssembly ialah Pengubah Permainan untuk Web
- Prestasi Membara Mungkin salah satu sebab terkuat untuk menggunakan WebAssembly ada kaitan dengan prestasi. Wasm membenarkan penyusunan kod dalam bahasa peringkat rendah, justeru memberikan prestasi yang serupa dengan aplikasi desktop asli. Ini amat bagus untuk apl yang memerlukan pemprosesan berat, seperti simulasi saintifik, pemaparan video dan juga aplikasi permainan berat.
Fikirkan permainan yang dibangunkan dalam Unity atau editor 3D yang canggih. Sehingga kini, seseorang itu perlu kembali menggunakan aplikasi asli untuk menjalankan aplikasi kelas berat tersebut. Walau bagaimanapun, dengan WebAssembly, aplikasi sedemikian boleh dijalankan dengan lancar pada mana-mana penyemak imbas moden, membolehkan pengguna berinteraksi dengan aplikasi ini tanpa perlu memuat turun dan memasangnya.
- Keserasian merentas platform WebAssembly menyediakan keserasian dalam semua penyemak imbas utama, seperti Chrome, Firefox, Safari dan Edge, antara lain. Ini bermakna pembangun boleh menulis sekali dan pastikan bahawa pelaksanaan akan dijalankan di mana-mana sahaja tanpa isu keserasian atau ketidakserasian dalam tingkah laku penyemak imbas. Dalam hal ini, ia menjimatkan masa dan sumber pembangun.
Selain sokongan penyemak imbas, beberapa pembangunan daripada penyemak imbas mula menggunakan Wasm. Ia semakin digunakan dalam persekitaran tanpa pelayan, pada pengkomputeran awan, dan juga dalam peranti IoT. Kepelbagaian platform merentas platform ini benar-benar menjadikannya alat yang lebih berharga untuk pembangun.
Keselamatan yang Dipertingkat
WebAssembly berjalan dalam persekitaran yang sangat selamat berkat kotak pasirnya. Berkenaan dengan kawalan ketat ruang pelaksanaan, WebAssembly memastikan bahawa kod berniat jahat mempunyai peluang minimum untuk menjejaskan sistem. Sebagai contoh, walaupun dalam kes beberapa jenis kelemahan dalam modul Wasm, ia dipotong daripada seluruh aplikasi dan sistem pengendalian. Oleh itu, ia mengurangkan kebarangkalian beberapa serangan limpahan penimbal atau kerosakan memori.Fleksibiliti kepada Pembangun
Satu lagi perkara hebat tentang WebAssembly ialah ia adalah agnostik bahasa. Hubungan dengan JavaScript akhirnya terputus! Ingin menulis logik aplikasi anda dalam Rust atau C ? Dengan WebAssembly, anda boleh menyusun kod anda ke Wasm dan menjalankannya dalam penyemak imbas. Ini membuka dunia kemungkinan untuk pembangun yang lebih suka sintaks dan struktur bahasa lain tetapi memerlukan web sebagai persekitaran pelaksanaan mereka.
Petua Utama untuk Memulakan Anda dengan WebAssembly
Yakin tentang potensinya, bagaimana anda memulakan dengan WebAssembly? Beberapa petua berguna akan membantu anda berada di landasan yang betul:
- Gunakan WebAssembly Di Mana Tugas Berorientasikan Prestasi Dilibatkan WebAssembly muncul sendiri apabila digunakan untuk mengambil sedikit beban bahagian berorientasikan prestasi aplikasi anda yang lebih berat. Manipulasi imej, contohnya, atau pemprosesan video, penyulitan dan analitis dilakukan dalam masa nyata-semua ini boleh diperoleh daripada peningkatan kelajuan yang disediakan oleh Wasm.
Daripada pengalaman ini, satu petua boleh diambil: Jika anda sedang membangunkan permainan berasaskan web, lakukan pemaparan grafik, enjin fizik dan pengiraan intensif dalam WebAssembly dan simpan UI anda dalam JavaScript. Dengan cara ini, anda memanfaatkan kedua-dua kuasa WebAssembly dan JavaScript.
- Choose the Right Language for the Task WebAssembly supports a myriad of languages, including but not limited to C, C Rust, and Go. If performance is key, then Rust would be a great choice since it's memory safe, designed for concurrency. In case your team is already using C or C , you can easily port that code into WebAssembly.
How to Approach It: If you find your self working on a large legacy system in a language such as C , it's well worth rewriting the parts of your code that are performance-critical in Rust and compiling them into WebAssembly. That way, you avoid some of the common pitfalls of older languages, such as memory leaks.
- Utilize Tools and Libraries Notably, several tools and libraries exist to lighten this burden. For example, Emscripten is one of the most widely used toolchains, which compiles C and C code into WebAssembly. If you are using Rust, there's wasm-bindgen, which is a really helpful library providing some abstraction over the interactions between WebAssembly and JavaScript.
Tip: Have a look at wasm-pack, which scaffolds, compiles and publishes Rust-generated WebAssembly packages. It's one of the easiest ways to get started with a Rust-based Wasm project.
- Integrating WebAssembly with JavaScript WebAssembly isn't designed to replace JavaScript but rather to exist alongside JavaScript. In most web applications, you'll find that you still want to do all the user interaction logic in JavaScript, and performance critical code is handled by WebAssembly.
The trick is to keep all back-end logic and computation in WebAssembly and pass it off to JavaScript, which can handle UI/UX tasks. In that way, you will provide a slick, seamless user experience, smoothing out performance on tasks that could make JavaScript choke.
Looking to the Future with WebAssembly
WebAssembly is continuously evolving and will no doubt be part of the essential stack of the future for web development. WASI, or the WebAssembly System Interface, is one of the emerging technologies that's trying hard to take Wasm out of the browser, making its use possible on server-side and even in IoT applications. That said, quite soon, WebAssembly may very well give a strong competition to platforms like Node.js in server-side programming.
Whether you are a seasoned developer or starting your journey of coding, WebAssembly is something that must be on your radar. Performance improvements, security enhancements, and cross-platform flexibility make Wasm reimagine the possibilities of the web.
Get started with WebAssembly and create web applications that run faster and are more powerful!
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